Cross-sensitivities

The NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity. There is a cross-sensitivity to other NSAIDs. Therefore, if a patient is allergic to one NSAID, there is an increased risk of an allergic reaction with any other NSAID. Hypersensitivity to aspirin is a contraindication for all NSAIDs. In general, the NSAIDs are contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy and during lactation. 

The thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the thiazides or related diuretics, electrolyte imbalances, renal decompensation, hepatic coma, or anuria. A cross-sensitivity reaction may occur with the thiazides and sulfonamides. Some of the thiazide diuretics contain tartrazine, which may cause allergic-type reactions or bronchial asthma in individuals sensitive to tartrazine. 

Whitwam JG, Morgan M, Hall GM, et al Pain during continuous nitrous oxide administration. Br J Anaesth 48 423 29, 1976 WileyJL, Bale AS, Balster RL Evaluation of toluene dependence and cross-sensitization to diazepam. Life Sci 72 3023—3033, 2003 Wise RA, Bozarth MA A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. Psychol Rev 94 469-492, 1987... 

When NOj levels are measured electrochemicaUy, NO and NO2 can lead to opposing signals because NO is oxidized and NO2 tends to be reduced. Moreover, it is preferred to obtain a total NO, measurement instead of only one of the constituents. The latter can be achieved by catalytically equilibrating the feed with oxygen before contact with the sensor by coating an active zeolite layer on top or placing a active catalyst bed in front of the sensor. Both approaches have been demonstrated successfully with a Pt-Y zeohte as active catalyst [74, 75]. The additional advantage of the filter bed is a reduction in the cross-sensitivity with CO due to CO oxidation above 673 K. 

In a similar manner, Sahner et al. [76, 77] utilized a Pt-ZSM-5 layer to reduce the cross-sensitivity of a hydrocarbon (propane) sensor toward CO, propene, H2, and NO at 673 K. The zeolite layer was put on the sensor as a paste. The improved cross-sensitivity is attributed to selective oxidation of aU considered components except propane. Trimboli et al. [78] demonstrated the same concept by using a Pt-Y zeohte for the CO oxidation, maintaining the sensitivity for propane. 

Mertes PM, Moneret-Vautrin DA Skin reactions to intradermal neuromuscular blocking agent injections a randomized multicenter trial in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 2007 107 245. Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gueant JL, Kamel L, Laxenaire MC, el Kholty S, Nicolas JP Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants cross-sensitivity studied by radioimmunoassays compared to intradermal tests in 34 cases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988 82 745. 

Legin AV, Vlasov YG, Rudnitskaya AM, Bychkov EA (1996) Cross-sensitivity of chalcogenide glass sensors in solutions of heavy metal ions. Sens Actuators B 34 456 61 De Marco R, Shackleton J (1999) Cahbration of the Hg chalcogenide glass membrane ion-selective electrode in seawater media. Talanta 49 385-391... 

Moreover, the hyperactivity seen in the sham rats was somewhat greater than that usually observed following this dose of AMPH, suggesting a cross-sensitization between MDMA and AMPH. The day after the AMPH injections, all the rats were reinjected with saline. At this time there was no significant difference between the sham- and lesion-operated rats. 

Investigation of the neurochemical substrates for the psychostimulant effects of MDMA suggests a role for the mesolimbic dopamine system. Destruction of dopamine terminal fields in the nucleus accumbens significantly attenuated the locomotor activation produced by MDMA. A similar blockade of amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity is known and was observed following amphetamine injection in these same rats. Such results support the hypothesis that at least one component of MDMA-induced hyperactivity is dopamine mediated and suggest that mesolimbic dopamine specifically is the critical substrate. In this way, MDMA resembles other classical psychostimulants like amphetamine and cocaine. Interestingly, evidence for functional cross-sensitization was suggested in the study in which an injection of amphetamine followed MDMA injection. 

Oxcarbazepine Modulate sodium channels Loading dose Not recommended due to excessive adverse effects Maintenance dose 600-1200 mg/day. Start at 300 mg twice daily and titrate upward as indicated by response Half-life Not established Parent drug 2 hours 1 0-monohydroxy metabolite 9 hours Apparent volume of distribution 0.5-0.7 L/kg Protein binding 40% Primary elimination route Hepatic Diplopia, dizziness, somnolence Hyponatremia, 25-30% cross sensitivity in patients with hypersensitivity to carbamazepine... 

True narcotic allergies are rare and should not be confused with pruritus associated with opiate use. Cross-sensitivity between morphine-like, meperidine-like, and methadone-like agents is unlikely. Therefore, when an individual is allergic to one drug in a chemical class of opioids, it is reasonable to select... 

Cross sensitivity (partial sensitivity) of the response of the analyte A with respect to the amount xB of the component B... 

The factors SA represent the cross sensitivities (partial sensitivities according to Kaiser [1972]) characterizing how the signal y(zA) is influenced by the species i ... 

The sensitivity of each component is given by Saa,Sbb>--->Snn, analogous to Eq. (7.12). The interferences which appear between the species can be characterized by cross sensitivities as defined in Eq. (3.11) ... 

Starting from a relationship like Eq. (6.70a), Kaiser [1972] defined sensitivity, partial sensitivities (cross sensitivities, Eq. (7.16)), and the sensitivity matrix Eq. (7.17). From these quantities he derived the following measures ... 

In the ideal case, only the diagonal elements of the matrix at Eq. (7.17) are different from zero and all the off-diagonal elements Si = 0 (for I = /), sel(A,B,...,N) becomes 1. For real analytical systems, Eq. (7.24) expresses a certain degree of selectivity depending on the sensitivities of the analytes I, their contents Xi, and all the cross sensitivities % and contents xj of potentially disturbing species. 

The cross sensitivities SJiN+i can easily be estimated in the case of neighbouring isotopes, viz. from the isotope abundances. On the other hand, estimation in case of molecule ions may be difficult and can only be done experimentally. 

The robustness of an analytical procedure for the determination of the analyte A in presence of some accompanying species i = B,...,N under influence of various factors fj(j = l,...,m) according to Eq. (4.30) is in reciprocal proportion to the sum of all their cross sensitivities, SA multiplied by the actual amounts, x and the specific influencing strengths, hjy of the factors multiplied by their actual values (in relation to xA) see Danzer (2004). Because of the way measurements are obtained, the range of their values is range = (0... oo), so it makes sense to calculate the relative robustness which includes the analyte sensitivity and amount itself, SAA xA, as follows ... 

In most cases, tests analogous to (ii) and (iii) which exceed the situation of a single laboratory do not make much sense because there do not exist an overall sensitivity for all the laboratories. Also the cross sensitivities are individual for each lab, as a rule. Therefore, such individual measures will not be merged. 

Lab Sensitivity Cross sensitivities Influence strengths Experimental Degrees of... 

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