Alcohols compounds

Of somewhat greater technical interest are the addition compounds and the cellulose esters and ethers. Of the apparent addition compounds the most important is alkali cellulose produced by steeping cellulose in caustic soda and considered to be of general form (CgHioOs), (NaOH) ) rather than a sodium alcoholate compound. Alkali cellulose is a particularly important starting point in the manufacture of cellulose ethers. The ability of aqueous cuprammonium hydroxide solutions to dissolve cellulose appears to be dependent on addition compound formation. 

Compound A possesses the structure originally proposed for the methyl ester of Aao (see K. Nakanishi, M. Endo, U. Naf, and L. F. Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1971, 93, 5579). However, the 270-MHz NMR spectrum of synthetic A was different from that reported for Aah methyl ester with respect to the protons at C(3) and C(5). Therefore, the 3a-alcohol, compound B, was synthesized as shown below. 

The regioselective ring-opening of vinyloxiranes by nitrogen nucleophiles offers an attractive route to vie-amino alcohols, compounds of much recent interest. As with oxygen nucleophiles, the stereochemistry of the reaction can be controlled by choice of reaction conditions aminolysis of 25, for example, affords anti-amino alcohol 26 in excellent yield and diastereoselectivity (Scheme 9.21) [48, 96, 97], and... 

Volatile alcoholic compounds fiber optic nanosensor. Sensors and Actuators B, 115, 444- 9. 

Scheme 8-29 Hydrozirconation of alkenyl (protected)alcohols compounds...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has identified several hundred MTBE-contaminated sites that have performed treatment of soil and groundwater to remove or destroy MTBE.1 Many of these sites have also treated other fuel components, primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and some have treated fuel oxygenates other than MTBE. Although others have reported about treatment technologies for MTBE cleanup,2 only limited information has been published about cleanup of other oxygenates. These oxygenates include ether compounds, such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), as well as alcohol compounds, such as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), ethanol, and methanol. 

Metal alkoxides undergo alkoxide exchange with alcoholic compounds such as alcohols, hydro-xamic acids, and alkyl hydroperoxides. Alkyl hydroperoxides themselves do not epoxidize olefins. However, hydroperoxides coordinated to a metal ion are activated by coordination of the distal oxygen (O2) and undergo epoxidation (Scheme 1). When the olefin is an allylic alcohol, both hydroperoxide and olefin are coordinated to the metal ion and the epoxidation occurs swiftly in an intramolecular manner.22 Thus, the epoxidation of an allylic alcohol proceeds selectively in the presence of an isolated olefin.23,24 In this metal-mediated epoxidation of allylic alcohols, some alkoxide(s) (—OR) do not participate in the epoxidation. Therefore, if such bystander alkoxide(s) are replaced with optically active ones, the epoxidation is expected to be enantioselective. Indeed, Yamada et al.25 and Sharp less et al.26 independently reported the epoxidation of allylic alcohols using Mo02(acac)2 modified with V-methyl-ephedrine and VO (acac)2 modified with an optically active hydroxamic acid as the catalyst, respectively, albeit with modest enantioselectivity. 

The iminium ion then reacts with an enol (vinyl alcohol) compound (such as the side chain of tyrosine) to form a cross-link (reaction 15.6). 

A blend of Polywax 500 and 655 (81.3 and 18.7 wt%, respectively) with a CO-activated ultrafine iron catalyst was used for the evaluation of catalyst/ wax slurry filtration performance of the filter module with and without an alcohol compound. All of the filtration tests were conducted with a TMP of... 

The formylmethyl complex 21 also serves as a source of free acetaldehyde, and one equivalent of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in CH2CI2 releases it from 21 within one hour at room temperature. Acetaldehyde was identified by its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (isolated in 42% yield), and was determined directly (48%) by quantitative analysis of its IR v 1716 cm"l absorption. The protonation of 21 presumably generates a n2-vinyl alcohol compound 19 (R=H) [IR observable v 1983 cm" ], which then dissociates acetaldehyde. We have overall converted selectively two carbonyls on CpFe(CO)3+ (1) to acetaldehyde. 

When added to water as an aquatic herbicide, acrolein undergoes rapid decomposition, especially in sunlight. At the same time, it reacts rapidly with amines, alcohols, and mercaptans of aquatic plants, destroying cell structure and killing the plants (Parent et al. 1992). Mammals drinking acrolein-contaminated water rapidly convert acrolein to saturated alcohol compounds because of the low pH in the upper portion of their GI tracts the primary breakdown product is beta-propionaldehyde (USEPA 1980). 

Figure 7.3 Derivatization of organic acid and alcohol compounds by diazomethane (CH2N2 top two reactions) by BSTFA (N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide middle two reactions), and transmethylation of fatty acid esters by saponification using methanolic sodium hydroxide.

Both the methoxylated products could be hydrolyzed using citric acid in wa-ter/THF or KOH in water to afford the initially desired alcohol compounds. In this chemistry, it was clear that the electrochemical protocol offered distinct advantages over the more traditional chemical route. 

In 1982 Cardillo used a three-step sequence involving two supported reagent systems to convert /i-iodoamines into amino alcohols (Scheme 2.23) [45]. Polymer-supported acetate ions were used for the substitution of the iodide which immediately underwent acyl transfer to the amine. The resulting compound (10) was directly treated with hydrochloric acid to cleave the amide and the free base was subsequently obtained from the reaction by treatment with a resin-bound carbonate. This was of particularly synthetic value because of the high water solubiHty of these amino alcohol compounds that would have made aqueous work-up challenging. 

Apart from the improvements to be geiined by attention to these factors, much better yields of disaccharides are obtained when acyclic alcoholic compounds eire used and in other modifications of usual procedures it has been recommended that mercuric oxide in the presence of small amounts of mercuric bromide acts efficiently as an acid acceptor and has the added advantage of low cost and photostability 28), German workers in particular have preferred to use trityl ethers rather than... 

Alcohols with Aldehydes and Ketones,—When an essential oil contains, besides the alcoholic compounds, also aldehydes and ketones, the determination of the alcohols by acetylation is no longer accurate, since aldehydes and ketones react with acetic anhydride. In such cases the aldehydes may be eliminated by means of their insoluble compounds with alkaline bisulphite or other reagent see paragraph 10 Detection of... 

A related method, which also has apparently not been employed for sulfonylation of carbohydrates, involves11 15 portionwise addition of finely powdered potassium hydroxide to a stirred solution of the alcoholic compound plus the sulfonyl chloride in dry diethyl ether, below 4°. In another modification,11 the sulfonyl chloride, dissolved in the molten alcoholic compound, is added to the sodium derivative of the latter. 

The only alcohol (compound A) that can undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration to alkene B without rearrangement is the one shown in the equation. 

Lithium aluminum hydride reduces the carboxylic acid to the corresponding primary alcohol, compound E. Treatment of the vicinal chlorohydrin with base results in formation of an epoxide, compound F. 

Alanes, in Ru and Os half-sandwich complexes, 6, 497 Alcohol-activated reactions, with allylic tins, 9, 358 Alcohol compounds... 

The transformation of tazettine (9) into pretazettine (11 R = OH) (Scheme 1) confirms the stereochemistry of the latter alkaloid. Reduction of tazettine with lithium aluminium hydride gives a mixture of diols that are epimeric at C-3, cf. (10), presumably via a keto-alcohol. Compound (10) was made to cyclize to desoxypretazettine (11 R = H), which was shown by o.r.d., c.d., and H n.m.r. data to have the same configuration at C-6a as pretazettine (11 R = OH). Oxidation of compound (10) gave pretazettine, without affecting the configuration at C-3.7... 

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