Alcohol An organic compound in which

Alcohol an organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is a substituent on a hydrocarbon. (22.4)... 

Airpollution contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by the gaseous products of transportation and production of electricity. (5.10) Alcohol an organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is a substituent on a hydrocarbon. (22.4)... 

Although Cr03 is soluble in some organic solvents, like tert-butyl alcohol, pyridine or acetic anhydride, its use in such solvents is limited, because of the tendency of the resulting solutions to explode.2,3 Nevertheless, acetone can safely be mixed with a solution of chromium trioxide in diluted aqueous sulfuric acid. This useful property prompted the development of the so-called Jones oxidation, in which a solution of chromium trioxide in diluted sulfuric acid is dropped on a solution of an organic compound in acetone. This reaction, first described by Jones,13 has become one of the most employed procedures for the oxidation of alcohols, and represents a seminal contribution that prompted the development of other chromium (VI) oxidants in organic synthesis. 

Fig. 1.6. An example of the reaction which yields energy by the oxidation of an organic compound by an organic compound in the alcohol fermentation. Circled numbers 1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) 2, alcohol dehydrogenase 3, phosphoglycerate kinase.

A type of organic compound in which at least one hydroxyl group is bound directly to one of the carbon atoms of an aromatic ring. Phenols do not show the behavior typical of alcohols. In particular they are more acidic because of the electron-withdrawing effect of the aromatic ring. The preparation of phenol itself is by fusing the sodium salt of the sulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide ... 

Ether e-thor [ME, fr. L aether, fr. Gk aither, fr. aithein to ignitem blaze akin to OE ad pyre] (14c) n. (1) Any organic compound in which an oxygen atom is interposed between two carbon atoms or organic radicals in the molecular structure. Ethers are often derived from alcohols by elimination... 

Divide the saturated solution of n-butyl alcohol in water into three approximately equal parts. Treat these respectively with about 2-5 g. of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and shake each until the soli have dissolved. Observe the effect of these compounds upon the solubility of n-butanol in water. These results illustrate the phenomenon of salting out of organic compounds, t.e., the decrease of solubility of organic compounds in water when the solution is saturated with an inorganic compound. The alcohol layer which separates is actually a saturated solution of water in n-butyl alcohol. 

Sulfation is defined as any process of introducing an SO group into an organic compound to produce the characteristic C—OSO configuration. Typically, sulfation of alcohols utilizes chlorosulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide reagents. Unlike the sulfonates, which show remarkable stability even after prolonged heat, sulfated products are unstable toward acid hydrolysis. Hence, alcohol sulfuric esters are immediately neutralized after sulfation in order to preserve a high sulfation yield. 

The reaction with permanganate constitutes a valuable and much-used test for unsaturation in an organic compound. The substance is dissolved in cold alcohol, a few drops of sodium carbonate solution are added, and then a drop.of dilute permanganate solution. Rapid disappearance of the red colour indicates the presence of a double bond. The Baeyer test can also be carried out in pure glacial acetic acid, which is stable towards permanganate. Another method of detecting double bonds is by the decolorisation of bromine. As a rule, chloroform is used as solvent. 

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