Tert-amyl methyl ether

Oxygen was added as oxygenated hydrocarbon components methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethanol, methanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). The properties of oxygenates, as they relate to gasoline blending, are shown in Table 10-1. 

In laboratory enrichments with MTBE nnder both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions, carbon enrichment of 14.4 0.7 ppm was found (Somsamak et al. 2006), and in a methanogenic enrichment -14 4.5 ppm for tert-amyl methyl ether (Somsamak et al. 

Fig. 5.5.15 Spatially resolved 13C DEPT spectra recorded for the competitive etherification and hydration reactions of 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B) to 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane (tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and 2-methyl-butan-2-ol (tert-amyl alcohol, TAOH), respectively. The molar composition of the feed was in the ratio 2 10 1 for 2M2B methanol water. The...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has identified several hundred MTBE-contaminated sites that have performed treatment of soil and groundwater to remove or destroy MTBE.1 Many of these sites have also treated other fuel components, primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and some have treated fuel oxygenates other than MTBE. Although others have reported about treatment technologies for MTBE cleanup,2 only limited information has been published about cleanup of other oxygenates. These oxygenates include ether compounds, such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), as well as alcohol compounds, such as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), ethanol, and methanol. 

Several review articles [37-40] have been written discussing the use of molecular sieves for the isomerization of light olefins, especially butene. The major driving force was the requirement in the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act in the United States that required the addition of oxygenates to gasoline in amounts up to 2.7wt% oxygen in the final gasoUne product [37]. The primary additive chosen to meet these requirements was MTBE, with lesser amounts of the ethyl ether (ETBE) or tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) as supplements. One major possible route to meet these requirements was the isomerization of linear butenes (1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene) into isobutene (2-methyl-l-propene). 

Materials 2M2B 2-methyl-2-butene HZSM-5 zeolite with MFI framework (lUPAC nomenclature) NaCaA zeolite with LTA framework (lUPAC nomenclature) NaX zeolites with FAU framework (lUPAC nomenclature) Pd/A Os alumina supported palladium catalyst TAME tert-amyl methyl ether or 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane TAOH tert-amyl alcohol or 2-methyl-butan-2-ol... 

Cervenkova, I., Boublik, T. (1982) Vapor pressure, refractive indices and densities at 20.0°C and vapor-liquid equilibrium at 101.325 kPa in the tert-amyl methyl ether-methanol system. Utzcht. Prague 1982—reference from Boublik et al. 1984. 

Because of the reformulated gasoline program introduced by the U.S. government to amend the Clean Air Act in 1990 to reduce emissions from vehicles, oxygenates such as MTBE, ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) were favored as some of the components to increase the octane number of gasoline. In 2002, there were over 60 MTBE units and 10 TAME units worldwide. Methyl-tert-butyl ether is now phased out in California and possibly banned in the United States nationwide because of its discovery in groundwater. Nevertheless, the experience gained from the successful application of CD for the production of... 

Compound class Compound Abbreviation CAS No. Ethers methyl tert-butyl ether MTBE 1634-04-4 ethyl tert-butyl ether ETBE 637-92-3 tert-amyl methyl ether TAME 994-05-8 diiso- propyl ether DIPE 108-20-3 Alcohols methanol ethanol MeOH Eton 67-56-1 64-17-5 isopropyl alcohol IPA 67-63-0 isobutyl alcohol IBA 78-83-1 tert- butyl alcohol TBA 75-65-0... 

Three other fuel oxygenates were analyzed in source water from private and public wells tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). Detection frequencies of these oxygenates were less than 1% in source water from either private or public wells, and ETBE was not detected in source water from private wells. All quantified concentrations of these fuel oxygenates were less than 2 pg/L with the exception of DIPE, which had a concentration of 22 pg/L in one private well sample. 

POB Propane oxidizing bacterium PPR Porous pot reactor SBF Submerged biofilter SBR Sequencing batch reactor TAA tert-amyl alcohol TAME tert-amyl methyl ether TBA tert-butyl alcohol TBF tert-butyl formate TBM tert-butoxy-methanol... 

Diaz AF, Drogos DL (2002) Stability of methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, and ethyl tert-butyl ether in acidic media. In Diaz AF, Drogos DL (eds) Oxygenates in gasoline - environmental aspects. ACS symposium series, Oxford University Press, chap 10... 

Literature investigations were used in order to address the six listed challenges these are considered to be some of the most important aspects related to the bioremoval of MTBE in reactors. The focus is on the use of aerobic bioreactors for aqueous phase MTBE removal by direct metabolism. The discussions on cometabolism are confined to its own section. The concepts and information provided are mainly applicable to the ex situ remediation of MTBE contaminated groundwater. The ideas presented, however, can also be applied to MTBE removal in drinking water treatment or industrial applications. Most of the discussions are equally valuable to TBA and other ethers used as fuel oxygenates. These are for example, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and diisopropyl ether (DIPE). 

Belpoggi F, Soffritti M, Minardi F, Bua L, Cattin E, Maltoni C (2002) Results of Longterm carcinogenicity bioassays on tert-amyl-methyl ether (TAME) and di-isopropyl-ether (DIPE) in rats. Ann NY Acad Sci 982 70-86... 

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