Activity in alcohol

Rosalki. S. B. Rau, D. Serum Y"giutamyl-transpeptidase activity in alcoholism. Clin. Chim. Acta (1972), 39, 41-47. 

Keen, C.L., Tamura, T., Lonnerdal, B., Hurley, L.S. and Halsted, C.H. (1985). Changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic monkeys. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 41, 929-932. 

Figure 4b shows a quasi linear relation between the activity in alcohol dehydration and the quantity of Bronsted acid sites obtained by DMP adsorption. However a low amount of sites is active in dehydration (on theta alumina) but practically no Bronsted acid sites are detected by DMP adsorption because of their low number and strength. 

We can state reasonably activity in alcohol dehydration and high selectivity to ethers of large pore H-zeolites. The concentration and strength of acid sites is important. The mesoporous aluminosilicate showed very little activity despite very large pores because of low number and low strength of acid centers. 

Control of pore sizes of known catalysts like zeolites has been known for some time although the use of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of organosilanes to control pore sizes has been the focus of recent research.7 Other catalysts like silica have been treated with methods like CVD and sol-gel in order to deposit thin films. Monolayer coatings of titanium oxide prepared by sol-gel methods have been recently used to coat silica and such films are active in alcohol dehydrogenation reactions.8... 

While electron-transfer processes are common in inorganic photochemistry, excited-state atom transfer is limited to a small class of inorganic complexes. For U022 , the diradical excited state ( U-OO is active in alcohol oxidation (2). The primary photoprocess is hydrogen atom abstraction by the oxygen-centered radical. Photoaddition to a metal center via atom transfer has been observed for binuclear metal complexes such as Re2(CO)io (3-5). The primary photoprocess is metal-metal bond homolysis. The photogenerated metal radical undergoes thermal atom-abstraction reactions. Until recently, atom transfer to a metal-localized excited state had not been observed. 

Lake CR, Major LF, Ziegler MG, Kopin IJ. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity in alcoholic patients treated with disulfiram. Am J Psychiatry 1977 134(12) 1411-14. 

Myrick, H., Anton, R. F., Li, X., Henderson, S., Drobes, D., Voronin, R et al. (2004). Differential brain activity in alcoholics and social drinkers to alcohol cues Relationship to craving. Neuropsychopharmacolo iy, 29, 393-402. 

Friedman SL (1999) Stellate cell activation in alcoholic fibrosis — an overview. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 23(5) 904-910. 

B43. Bird, G. L., Aria, K. N., Daniels, H., Alexander, G. J., and Williams, R. Contrasts in interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 activity in alcoholic hepatitis and cinhosis. Alcohol Alcoholism 24,541-546 (1989). 

Gimenez A, Caballeria J, Pares A, et al. 1992. Influence of dietary zinc on hepatic collagen and prolyl hydroxylase activity in alcoholic rats. Hepatology 16(3) 815-819. 

Boyer, T.D., Zia, P. and Reynolds, T.B. (1979). Effect of indomethacin and prostaglandin Aj on renal function and plasma renin activity in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology, 77, 215-22... 

All test reactions of the linear alcohols discussed here face the major problem of deactivation of acid sites due to the high activity of the formed linear alkenes to polymerize and, thus, to deactivate the catalyst surface by coke species. In this case, measuring the initial activity in alcohol conversion is necessary to achieve a meaningful rating of the catalyst. Another possibility is the usage of alcohols, which react to a rather inert alkene and, therefore, show less deactivation (see Sect. 2.1.5.2). 

However, the true particular sites of aluminas for most catalytic reactions are very likely the anion-cation couples, which have very high activity and work syner-gistically. Alcohol adsorption experiments [127,164] allow the characterization of such sites where dissociative adsorption occurs. Mechanistic studies suggest that such cation-anion couples are likely those active in alcohol dehydration [165], in alkylchloride dehydrochlorination [152,166], and in double bond isomerization of olefins [167] over y-Al203. 

The oxidation of phosphite with hydroperoxide is mainly heterolytic. This is indicated by the retention of optical activity in alcohol if hydroperoxide is optically active and in phosphate if phosphite is active. The more polar the solvent, the faster... 

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