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Acids arachidonic acid

Eicosanoids, so named because they are all derived from 20-carbon fatty acids, are ubiquitous breakdown products of phospholipids. In response to appropriate stimuli, cells activate the breakdown of selected phospholipids (Figure 25.27). Phospholipase Ag (Chapter 8) selectively cleaves fatty acids from the C-2 position of phospholipids. Often these are unsaturated fatty acids, among which is arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid may also be released from phospholipids by the combined actions of phospholipase C (which yields diacyl-glycerols) and diacylglycerol lipase (which releases fatty acids). [Pg.829]

Cyclooxygenases. Figure 1 Pathways for the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is converted by cyclooxygenase to endoperoxides, which are acted upon by various synthesases to form the prostanoids. Prostacyclin and thromboxane are relatively unstable and break down rapidly to form the inactive metabolites 6-oxo-PGF1a and thromboxane B2, respectively. [Pg.405]

The key substrate for synthesis of the eicosanoids is the omega-6,20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid ... [Pg.248]

MUFA- monounsaturated fatty acid PUFA - polyunsaturated fatty acid. Arachidonic acid itself can function as a messenger (see below). [Pg.229]

A summary of the processes for producing the eicosanoids from the polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is presented in Figure 11.27. The two enzymes separate for synthesising the prostanoids or the leucotrienes are cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, respectively. Whether prostanoids or leucotrienes are produced in any given tissue will depend on the relative activities of these two enzymes in that tissue. [Pg.245]

The major omega-3 fatty acid in hsh oil is eicosapentae-noic acid, which contains hve double bonds compared with only four present in the omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid. When eicosapentaenoic acid is substrate for eico-sanoid production, it gives rise to prostacyclins and thromboxanes of the three series (Figure 22.9(a)) whereas when arachidonic acid is substrate, it gives rise to the two series, thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin I2. Thromboxane A3 has... [Pg.518]

Another commercially available product containing naturally occurring marine products is Formulaid , produced by Martek Biosciences as a nutritional supplement for infant formulas. Formulaid contains two fatty acids, arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), extracted from a variety of marine microalgae. ARA and DHA are the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids found in breast milk, and they are the most important fatty acids used in the development of brain gray matter. They are especially desirable for use in infant formulas because they come from nonmeat sources and can be advertised as vegetarian additives to the product. [Pg.32]

Biosynthesis. Almost all of the body s cells form eicosanoids. Membrane phospholipids that contain the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (20 4 see p.48) provide the starting material. [Pg.390]

Figure 1.9. Overview of the biosynthesis of ecosanoids. The 20 carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid is released from cell membrane phospholipids by the actions of phospholipase A2. Free arachidonic acid forms the precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxanes via the multi-enz5une cyclooxygenase pathway, while leukotrienes are formed via the lipoxygenase pathway... Figure 1.9. Overview of the biosynthesis of ecosanoids. The 20 carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid is released from cell membrane phospholipids by the actions of phospholipase A2. Free arachidonic acid forms the precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxanes via the multi-enz5une cyclooxygenase pathway, while leukotrienes are formed via the lipoxygenase pathway...
The eicosanoids, so called because of their derivation from a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid), are obtained from membrane phospholipids and synthesized de novo at the time of cellular stimulation. Arachidonic acid is cleaved from membrane-bound phosphatidylcholine by the enzyme phospholipase A2. Alternatively, arachidonic acid may be derived by the sequential actions of phospholipase C and diacylglyceryl lipase. Arachidonic acid can then follow either of two enzymatic pathways that result in the production of inflammatory mediators. The pathway initiated by cyclooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandins the lipoxygenase pathway generates leukotrienes (Fig. 36.2). [Pg.425]

Prostaglandins, thromboxane, and the leukotrienes are lipids that are collectively called eicosanoids, since they are all derived from the C20 fatty acid, arachidonic acid [eicosa (Gr.) = twenty]. Over the past twenty years, the eicosanoids have emerged as important molecules around which to target drug design and development. [Pg.519]

Formic acid Acetic acid Propionic acid Butyric acid Capric acid Palmitic acid Palmitoleic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid -jLinolenic acid Arachidonic acid Lignoceric acid Nervonic acid... [Pg.180]

Correct answer = E. Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is synthesized from linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid obtained by humans from dietary lipids. The teenager would be able to synthesize all other compounds, but presumably in somewhat depressed amounts. [Pg.198]

Tripalmitin Mycolic acids Arachidonic acid Propionic acid Docosahexaenoic acid... [Pg.1223]

Fig. 4.4 Hypothetical model showing the modulation of glutamate transporter by arachidonic acid. Interactions of glutamate with its receptor result in depolarization and Ca2+ entry into the cell. Ca2+-mediated stimulation of PLA2 results in breakdown of neural membrane phospholipids and the release of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid not only modulates proton conductance associated with neuronal excitability, but also provides eicosanoids, which may control the glutamate transporter (modified from Fairman and Amara, 1999)... Fig. 4.4 Hypothetical model showing the modulation of glutamate transporter by arachidonic acid. Interactions of glutamate with its receptor result in depolarization and Ca2+ entry into the cell. Ca2+-mediated stimulation of PLA2 results in breakdown of neural membrane phospholipids and the release of arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid not only modulates proton conductance associated with neuronal excitability, but also provides eicosanoids, which may control the glutamate transporter (modified from Fairman and Amara, 1999)...
The problem states that PGI i2 has one more double bond than PGE and that it is biosynthesized from arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid (text Table 26.1) has a double bond at C-5, and thus PGI i2 has the structure shown. [Pg.733]

AB Rifkind Cornell University Medical Center, Ithaca, NY Use a chick embryo model to investigate whether 2,3,7,8-TCDD-induced P-450 participates in 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity by metabolizing endogenous compounds, such as the membrane fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), to biologically active metabolites that can affect cell signals and thereby modulate toxicity ... [Pg.377]

Bilirubin, estradiol (3-OH), 2-OH-estrone, 2-OH-estradiol trans-retinoic acid, Catechol estrogens (2-OH 4-OH)15-OH-eicosa-tetraenoic acid, 20-OH-eicosa-tetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin B1... [Pg.124]

OH-estradiol (major), 15-OH-eicosatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin B1... [Pg.128]

The first part of PI consists of two fatty acids esterified to a glycerol. One of the fatty acids is the unsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (20 4), bound to carbon 2 of the glycerol. The other fatty acid is usually stearate (18 0). The combination of two fatty acids esterified to glycerol is called diacylglycerol, abbreviated DAG. [Pg.130]

Prostaglandins Endogenous chemical mediators involved in inflammation derived from the cellular membrane unsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid. [Pg.389]

Booyens, J., Englebrecht, P., Le Roux, S., and Louwrens, C.C. 1984. Some effects of the essential fatty acid linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid and their metabolites gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and of prostaglandins A1 and El on the proliferation etc. Prostaglandins Leukot. Med. 15, 15-33. [Pg.326]


See other pages where Acids arachidonic acid is mentioned: [Pg.162]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.831]    [Pg.1000]    [Pg.1001]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.917]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.93]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.520]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.158]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.125]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.125 , Pg.126 ]




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Abnormalities in Thromboxane Production and Arachidonic Acid Pathways

Arachidonate

Arachidonate fatty acid

Arachidonic Acid and Prostaglandins

Arachidonic Acid in Cell Signaling

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid 15 -HPETE from

Arachidonic acid PPAR ligand

Arachidonic acid accretion

Arachidonic acid adults

Arachidonic acid anandamide

Arachidonic acid anti-inflammatory effects

Arachidonic acid availability

Arachidonic acid barrier

Arachidonic acid bioactive lipids

Arachidonic acid biochemical pathway

Arachidonic acid biological activity

Arachidonic acid biosynthesis

Arachidonic acid biosynthesis, formation

Arachidonic acid brain development

Arachidonic acid carbon

Arachidonic acid cascade

Arachidonic acid cascade inhibitors

Arachidonic acid cerebral

Arachidonic acid classification

Arachidonic acid comparative

Arachidonic acid conditional essential fatty acids

Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase

Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase reaction products

Arachidonic acid deficiency

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Arachidonic acid derivatives and

Arachidonic acid desaturation, elongation

Arachidonic acid description

Arachidonic acid dietary sources

Arachidonic acid double bond positioning

Arachidonic acid effects

Arachidonic acid eicosanoid metabolites

Arachidonic acid eicosanoid synthesis

Arachidonic acid endothelial cell damage

Arachidonic acid enhancement

Arachidonic acid enzymatic conversion

Arachidonic acid enzymatic oxidation

Arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites

Arachidonic acid essentiality

Arachidonic acid ethyl ester

Arachidonic acid fatty acids

Arachidonic acid free radical oxygenation

Arachidonic acid from mouse

Arachidonic acid from phospholipids

Arachidonic acid function

Arachidonic acid gene expression effects

Arachidonic acid hydrogen abstraction rate constants

Arachidonic acid hydroxylation

Arachidonic acid in brain

Arachidonic acid in membranes

Arachidonic acid induced edema

Arachidonic acid infants

Arachidonic acid ischaemia

Arachidonic acid isoprostanes from

Arachidonic acid leukotriene biosynthesis from

Arachidonic acid leukotrienes derived from

Arachidonic acid leukotrienes from

Arachidonic acid lipoxygenase metabolites

Arachidonic acid mechanism

Arachidonic acid metabolism

Arachidonic acid metabolism 35 pathway

Arachidonic acid metabolism 35 renal

Arachidonic acid metabolism 35 renal disease

Arachidonic acid metabolism peroxidation

Arachidonic acid metabolites

Arachidonic acid metabolites 5-HETE

Arachidonic acid metabolites lipoxygenases

Arachidonic acid metabolites vasoconstricting

Arachidonic acid metabolites, secretion

Arachidonic acid metabolized

Arachidonic acid methyl ester

Arachidonic acid mobilization

Arachidonic acid occurrence

Arachidonic acid oedema

Arachidonic acid oxidation

Arachidonic acid oxidative

Arachidonic acid oxygenated products

Arachidonic acid oxygenation

Arachidonic acid pathway

Arachidonic acid pharmacological inhibitors

Arachidonic acid physiological role

Arachidonic acid platelet aggregation induced

Arachidonic acid platelet aggregation influence

Arachidonic acid precursor

Arachidonic acid preparation

Arachidonic acid products

Arachidonic acid prostaglandin synthesis from

Arachidonic acid reactions

Arachidonic acid reactions with nucleophiles

Arachidonic acid reactive oxygen species

Arachidonic acid release

Arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipid

Arachidonic acid releasing causes

Arachidonic acid signaling

Arachidonic acid singlet oxygen

Arachidonic acid sites

Arachidonic acid sources

Arachidonic acid structure

Arachidonic acid synthesis

Arachidonic acid thromboxane synthesis involved

Arachidonic acid thromboxanes

Arachidonic acid transport

Arachidonic acid vegetable oils

Arachidonic acid via -selective alkenation

Arachidonic acid, 3-dehydrosynthesis

Arachidonic acid, autoxidation

Arachidonic acid, biochemical role

Arachidonic acid, conversion

Arachidonic acid, eicosanoids from

Arachidonic acid, eicosanoids from structure

Arachidonic acid, epoxidation

Arachidonic acid, formula

Arachidonic acid, leukotriene

Arachidonic acid, leukotriene synthesis

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin conversion

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin synthesis

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandins from

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandins from radical reaction

Arachidonic acid, prostaglandins from structure

Arachidonic acid-dependent peroxidase

Arachidonic acid/arachidonate

Arachidonic acid/arachidonate

Aspirin, Arachidonic Acid, and Prostaglandins

Biosynthesis, Storage and Mobilization of Arachidonic Acid

Brain arachidonic acid

Cancer arachidonic acid metabolism

Cancer chemoprevention arachidonic acid

Cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism

Dopamine arachidonic acid derivatives

Eicosanoid, arachidonic acid

Eicosanoids (arachidonic acid

Eicosanoids Are Hormones Derived from Arachidonic Acid

Fatty acids arachidonic

Fatty acids, dietary arachidonic acid

Free arachidonic acid

Free arachidonic acid brain

Functional Roles of the P450 Arachidonic Acid Monooxygenase

Glutamate receptors arachidonic acid

HAPTER TWELVE eukotrienes and Other Bioactive Polyenes 1 Formation of Leukotrienes from Arachidonic Acid

HETEs, chart synthesis from arachidonic acid

Heart disease arachidonic acid

Hepoxylins and Related Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid

Inhibition arachidonic acid

Inhibition arachidonic acid induced edema

Inhibition of arachidonic acid

Inhibition of arachidonic acid induced

Inositol phospholipids arachidonic acid release

Leukotriene synthesis from arachidonic acid

Metabolism of, arachidonic acid

Minor fatty acids arachidonic acid

Neutrophils arachidonic acid metabolism pathway

Oxidative metabolites arachidonic acid, structure

Oxygen arachidonic acid cascade

Pathways of Arachidonic Acid Release in Platelets

Pharmacological Inhibitors of Arachidonic Acid Release and Metabolism

Phospholipase arachidonic acid release

Platelet arachidonic acid

Polyenoic acids arachidonic acid

Prostacyclin arachidonic acid

Prostanoids from arachidonic acid

Release of arachidonic acid

Role of arachidonic acid in neutrophil function

Schizophrenia arachidonic acid

Selective Epoxidation of Arachidonic Acid

The Arachidonic Acid Cascade

The Biochemistry of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Thrombin arachidonic acid release

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