Actions combinations

E. C. Goosens, D. de Jong, G. J. de Jong, F. D. Rinkema and U A Th Brinkman, Continuous liquid-liquid extr action combined on-line with capillary gas cliromatography-atomic emission detection for environmental analysis , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 18 38-44 (1995). 

R. Fuoco, A. Ceccaiini, M. Onor and S. Lottici, Superaitical fluid exti action combined online with cold-ti ap gas cliromatography/mass spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta 346 81-86(1997). 

E. H. M. Koster, C. Wemes, J. B. Morsink and G. J. de Jong, Determination of lidocaine in plasma by direct solid-phase microexti action combined with gas chromatography , J. Chromatogr. B 739 175-182 (2000). 

Treatment of ocular allergy is aimed at slowing or stopping these processes. Antihistamines block the histamine receptors and some prevent histamine production and/or inhibit mediator release from the mast cells.15 Mast cell stabilizers inhibit the degranulation of mast cells, preventing mediator release. Some topical agents have multiple mechanisms of action, combining antihistaminic, mast cell stabilization, and antiinflammatory properties (Tables 60-3 and 60-4).16... 

Figure 31 demonstrates the combined controller response to a demand disturbance. The proportional action of the controller stabilizes the process. The reset action combined with the proportional action causes the measured variable to return to the setpoint. The rate action combined with the proportional action reduces the initial overshoot and cyclic period. 

As said before, on the basis of their mechanisms of action combinations of trimethoprim with a sulfon-... 

A second unusual action of this class of diuretics is their utility in treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Patients who have an adequate supply of ADH but whose kidneys fail to respond to ADH excrete large volumes of very dilute urine, not unlike those who have an ADH deficiency. The thiazides reduce glomerular filtration modestly and decrease positive free water formation (Ch2o), that is, production of dilute urine. These actions combine to cause patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus to excrete a somewhat reduced urine volume with increased osmolality. 

The concept of this process has been demonstrated for lowering or increasing the alcohol content of distilled spirits by using water vapor or ethanol vapor in the sweep stream, respectively. In either case, this vapor arbitration action combined with the inherent selectivity of the membrane resulted in virtually complete preservation of the subtle character of the beverage, but in a more concentrated form due to the lower net volume of the retentate product (Lee, 1993). Similar results may be anticipated in other volume reduction applications involving high-value volatile feedstocks. 

Using surface complexation models is another way to quantitatively describe the ion-exchanges processes. Surface complexation models also apply the law of mass action, combined with surface electric work (Table 1.7). However, there are some theoretical problems with the calculations, namely, that the equations of intrinsic stability use concentrations instead of activities, without discussing... 

The structural units of surfactant-containing liquids are self-assembled aggregates, such as spherical or cylindrical micelles, or bilayers. These supramolecular structural units can then further self assemble into ordered phases, with cubic, hexagonal, smectic, or other symmetry. Consequently, the structural and flow properties of such liquids are amazingly rich. Laws of mass action, combined with geometric packing arguments, allow rationalization, if not prediction, of the phase behavior of many surfactant solutions. 

According to modern pathophysiological understanding of Type-II diabetes and the mechanism of sulphonylurea action, combined insulin-sulphonylurea therapy appears to be an interesting alternative for treating NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas. Several recent clinical trials confirmed favourable results (Stenman et al., 1988). Holman et al. (1987) studied the metabolic profiles of 24 Type-II diabetics who were treated... 

Pan mullers are the modern industrial equivalent of the traditional mortar and pestle. Typical mullers have two broad wheels (Ml and M2) on an axle (Fig. 18-54). The mixer rotates about the approximate midpoint of the axle, so that the wheels both rotate and skid over the bottom of the mixing chamber (A). Plow blades (PI and P2), which rotate with the mixer, push material from the center (T) and walls (C) of the mixing chamber into the path of the rollers. The mixing action combines both crushing and shearing to break lumps or agglomerates and evenly distribute moisture. 

Counterclockwise hysteresis loops can be caused by the accumulation of an active metabolite, sensitization to the drug, or delay in time in equilibration between serum concentration and concentration of drug at the site of action. Combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models have been devised that allow equilibration lag times to be taken into account. 

Another approach to improving diuresis is addition of a second diuretic with a different mechanism of action. Combining a... 

Canada) action combined with an exclusive blend of light moisturizers leaves hands fresh, clean, and soft... 

Large Intestine Propulsive peristaltic waves in the colon are diminished or abolished after administration of morphine, and tone is increased to the point of spasm. The resulting delay in the passage of bowel contents causes considerable desiccation of the feces, which, in turn, retards their advance through the colon. The amplitude of the nonpropulsive type of rhythmic contractions of the colon usually is enhanced. The tone of the anal sphincter is augmented, and reflex relaxation in response to rectal distension is reduced. These actions, combined with inattention to the normal sensory stimuli for defecation reflex owing to the central actions of the drug, contribute to morphine-induced constipation. 

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