Zinc soap

Ash % 13.7+-0.5 Free Fatty Acid % Softening Point C Humidity % 0.5 

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Calcium—zinc soaps are used in many PVC food container appHcations because these heat stabilizers are universally accepted as safe by the U.S. FDA, German BGA, Japanese JHPA, and other government regulatory groups. 

D 148 diy Ventron 0.95 70 (powder) zinc soaps of fatty acids, 75% calcium sihcate carrier... 

Paint applied to a suitably prepared zinc coating will last longer than would be the case if it were applied direct to iron or steel, and the need for repainting thus becomes less frequent. With hot-dip galvanised or zinc-plated coatings, however, it is necessary either to use special primers or to prepare the surface before painting. This is primarily because most oil-based paints react with the unprepared zinc surface to form zinc soaps resulting in poor adhesion. 

Reversion characteristics of NR are of great concern. Lot of novel chemicals have been introduced to increase the reversion resistance of NR. Examples of these are zinc soap activator (Structol-A73), silane couphng agent (Si-69), anti-reversion agent (Perkalink 900), and post-vulcanization stabilizer (Durahnk HTS and Vulcuren KA 9188 Figure 32.7). These materials will enhance the life of the tire, enable the users for more retreading, and thereby reduce the material demand. " ... 

Generally radical acceptors or oxidation catalysts, which effectively remove free radicals formed during milling and mixing procedures. Inter-macromolecular action leads to reduction of the entanglements between polymer molecules. Chemically activated zinc soaps. 

Zinc oxides can be prepared from chemical industry by-product sources and from zinc soaps from a variety of industrial processes. These grades are generally off-coloured and consequently considered of lower grade and offered at lower cost and are confined to use in black compounds. These grades can also vary in consistency, batch to batch, causing cure variation in compounds containing them. 

The use of soluble zinc soap activators such as zinc 2-ethyl hexanoate instead of conventional stearic acid gives efficiency of vulcanisation and ensures that stress relaxation and creep properties are optimised. Zinc soaps, including the new high efficiency activating types, do not bloom from the compound, either during processing or subsequently during service. 

The interfacial chemistry of corrosion-induced failure on galvanized steel has been investigated (2) adhesion of a polyurethane coating was not found to involve chemical transformations detectable by XPS, but exposure to Kesternich aging caused zinc diffusion into the coating. Similar results were obtained with an alkyd coating. Adhesion loss was proposed to be due to formation of a weak boundary layer of zinc soaps or water-soluble zinc corrosion products at the paint metal Interface. 

The remedy is the substitution of soap, which, by its slight excess of alkali, rendering soluble in and miscible with water all the dirty grease of the clothos and oily sxudations from the pores of the skin, is at the same time detersive Itself for, though composed of oil and alkali in a state of combination, it still possesses the influence of the lattar without any of its hurtfulness. Oleate of oxide of lead, formerly called lead soap, is insoluble, and constitutes the diachylon plaster of pharmacy. The analogous salts of zinc and lime, formerly termed zinc soap and lime soap, are also insoluble. 

Distillation. The second key step in continuous soapmaking is distillation. Originally, fatty adds made in hydrolyzers were add washed to split out the zinc soap and then bleached to improve color, but continuous distillation of the hydrolyzer fatty adds results in lighter soap from darker stocks at lower cost. 

The fatty adds from the hydrolyzer are collected in the still feed tank and vacuum-dried to reduce moisture to low levels. Then they are flash-distilled at an absolute pressure of 2-5 mmHg. The still bottoms are recirculated through heat exchangers back to the still to carry the heat necessary for vaporizing the fatty acids. The stall bottoms, which contain the zinc soap catalyst and unsplit fat, are removed from the system, acidulated to remove the zinc, and frequently used in animal feeds. The fatty acid vapors from the still pass to several water condensers m series. The condensed fatty acids diop to a singe tank for posthaidening 01 diiectly foi neutialization. 

Zinc soaps, which are complexes of long chain fatty acids, find similar applications in the curing and hardening of coatings to other transition metal soaps. A summary is available.123 The more important anions are 2-ethylhexanoate, naphthenate and stearate. Mixtures of zinc and calcium soaps are also effective stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride).124 The complexes [Zn 0P(0)-(OBun)2 2] and [Zn SP(S)(OBun)2 2] both promote antiwear properties of lubricating oils.125... 

A number of zinc compounds with organic constituents (e.g., zinc salts of organic acids) have therapeutic uses. These include antidandruff zinc pyridinethione, antifungal zinc undecylenate used to treat athlete s foot, zinc stearate and palmitate (zinc soap), and antibacterial zinc bacitracin. Zinc naphthenate is used as a low-toxicity wood preservative, and zinc phenolsulfonate has insecticidal properties and was once used as an intestinal antiseptic. The inhalation of zinc soaps by infants has been known to cause acute fatal pneumonitis characterized by lung lesions similar to, but more serious than, those caused by talc. Zinc pyridine thione (zinc 2-pyridinethiol-l-oxide) has been shown to cause retinal detachment and blindness in dogs this is an apparently species-specific effect because laboratory tests at the same and even much higher dosages in monkeys and rodents do not show the same effect. 

II elements invariably are not used singly, but in Subgroup A-B couples. Aside from lead compounds, the elements currently used in most applications are barium, cadmium, calcium, zinc, and tin—e.g., the calcium-zinc soap systems for nontoxic (food contact) applications, the general purpose barium-cadmium soap stabilizers, and the organotin stabilizers. The objective of this paper is to consider the rheological consequences of... 

Heat stabilizers protect PVC during processing and applications under heat exposition (Pospisil, 1990c). Typical heat stabilizers consist of barium, calcium or zinc soaps of fatty acids (43, R=Cu-C17, M=Ba, Ca, Zn binary salts Ba/Zn or Ca/Zn are mostly used) and various organotin compounds, e.g. dibutyltin maleate (44) or dioctyltin bis(iso-octylthioglycolate) (45) (PospiSil, 1990c). 

Flexible PVC (Table 15.6) is made by polymerizing at 40-55°C and then compounding with 20-80 PHR (parts per hundred of resin) of dioctyl phthalate and/or other monomeric liquid plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl adipate for low-temperature flexibility, oligomeric polyesters for permanence, organic phosphates for flame-retardance), plus a synergistic stabilizer system usually composed of barium or calcium soap, zinc soap, epoxidized fatty ester, and organic phosphite. 

Ca Zn formulations are a complex blend of calcium and zinc soaps together with acid acceptors and organic co-stabilisers. Efforts have been made to increase the acid absorption capability in these systems (46,82,137, 295). The role of the co-stabiliser is also critical in maintaining initial colour and early colour hold on processing (47, 220, 308, 406, 407). Alternative calcium carboxylates have also been evaluated (227). 

In addition, the ability to form zinc soaps in oleoresinous resins that also inhibit corrosion, is referred, too [5.55]. 

Cecavon-, dibasic zinc stearate HyQual stearic acid zinc salt zinc distearate zinc soap. 

Zinc oxides is mainly used in the rubber industry in which it serves as an activator in the vulcanization process. Its low hardness and high compatibility with polymers are important for its utilization in chemical materials. In its utilization in paints, its tendency to form zinc soaps, which hinder the attack of coatings by fungus and improve the aging resi.stance (UV-absorption), is important. Further application fields for zinc oxide are in copier paper, glues, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products and dental cements. 

Till now, there have been many studies on the solubility of nonaqueous solutions of ionic surfactants. On the other hand, information on nonionic surfactant solutions is still scarce. Kon-no et al. [27] studied the effect of temperature on the solubility of a-monoglycerol esters of Qi Q7 fatty acids in benzene. Such solubility behavior has also been observed by Matin and Pink [28] for zinc soaps in various organic solvents. The solubility increases slowly as the temperature is raised. Within a narrow temperature range, the solubility begins to increase very rapidly. The temperature at which the abrupt change in the solubility occurs is called the critical solution temperature (CST). 

Metal Soaps—Barium and cadmium stabilizers are less toxic than lead and have lower cost on the basis of use levels, better sulfide stain resistance, and good clarity. They are a major class of heat stabilizers. Calcium and zinc soaps are also included in this classification because of their similar performance. The soaps used are based on a wide variety of anions such as octoates (2-ethyIhexanoic acid derived), benzoates, laurates, stearates, and substituted phenolates. 

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