Compatibility, with polymer

Attachment of hydrocarbon chains to conventional antioxidants in order to increase the MW and compatibility with polymers [80]... 

Aid in the uniform dispersion of additives. Make powdered solids (e.g. particulate fillers with high energy and hydrophilic surface) more compatible with polymers by coating their surfaces with an adsorbed layer of surfactant in the form of a dispersant. Surface coating reduces the surface energy of fillers, reduces polymer/filler interaction and assists dispersion. Filler coatings increase compound cost. Fatty acids, metal soaps, waxes and fatty alcohols are used as dispersants commonly in concentrations from 2 to 5 wt %. 

Thus most of the time one obtains phase-separated systems in which the macromolecules of component A are not at all or only to a limited extent miscible with the macromolecules of component B, i.e., polymer A is incompatible or only partially compatible with polymer B. The synonymical terms polymer blend , polymer alloy , or polymer mixture denote miscible (homogeneous) as well as immiscible (heterogeneous) systems consisting of two or more different polymers. 

Chemical compatibility with polymer used as a binder, low volatility and high resistance to extraction and migration. 

A variety of polyesters can be prepared from dicarboxylic acids and glycols, of course, although compatibility with polymers decreases with increasing molecular weight. 

The structures of a number of commercially available 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles are summarised in Table 2. Substituents in both the phenol ring and the benzotriazole ring affect the absorption characteristics and the stability of these compounds. The size of the substituents is also important in determining the volatility of these stabilizers and their compatibility with polymer systems. 

Compatibility of PVC with plasticizer (PI) also strongly influences the rheological and processing properties of plastisols 48>. The effects of the diverse plasticizers on PVC varies since some plasticizers (even well compatible with polymer), e.g. dibutylphthalate (DBP), may readily escape from the obtained materials and articles 17,23,43. Plasticizers which are poorly compatible with PVC (the so-called secondary PI ) may be used for the purpose-oriented change of viscosity properties of a system (fluidity increase) and saving the base PI component. 

As is evident from a consideration of Figs. 7-9, each of these chromophores has exhibited electro-optic activity exceeding that of lithium niobate while at the same time exhibiting auxiliary properties of chemical stability (Td >300 °C) and solubility that permits preparation of device quality materials [183,210-212]. These materials also illustrate another major direction in the preparation of electro-optic materials namely, the development of bridging segments that lead to improved chemical stability, improved solubility in spin-casting solvents, improved compatibility with polymer host materials, and which inhibit unwanted intermolecular electrostatic interactions (we shall discuss such interactions... 

Boron fibers exhibit good chemical compatibility with polymer matrices, hence their utili/.ation in composites therewith. At the production temperature of 577 - 677°C, boron reacts with the surface of metal matrices to form... 

Zinc oxides is mainly used in the rubber industry in which it serves as an activator in the vulcanization process. Its low hardness and high compatibility with polymers are important for its utilization in chemical materials. In its utilization in paints, its tendency to form zinc soaps, which hinder the attack of coatings by fungus and improve the aging resi.stance (UV-absorption), is important. Further application fields for zinc oxide are in copier paper, glues, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products and dental cements. 

Such characteristics as compatibility with polymer, volatility, chemical stability under conditions of processing and usage become very important during selection of light-stabilizer. 

Antimicrobials may be incorporated into a plastics formulation to preserve the polymeric material by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on the product surface. Antimicrobials should be environmentally safe and non-toxic to humans, easy to store and handle, and compatible with polymers and other formulation ingredients. Recently there has been a demand for antimicrobials in polymer products such as toys, cutting boards, kitchen utensils and hospital faucet and door handles. 

Stabilizers of high compatibility with polymers are being synthesized. To improve their compatibility with polymers, some fragments are introduced into the stabilizer. For example, alkyl substituents provide high effectiveness to photostabili-... 

Lubricant Prevent adhesion of polymer to processing equipment Sweats out due to low compatibility with polymer Calcium stearate, normal and dibasic lead stearate... 

ADK STAB 1413 AI3-00754 Benzene, benzoyl- Benzophenone Benzoylbenzene Castvell No. 081G CCRIS 629 Diphenyl ketone Diphenylmethanone EINECS 204-337-6 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000315 FEMA No. 2134 HSDB 6809 Ketone, diphenyl Melhanone, diphenyl- NSC 8077 Phenyl ketone. UV absorber tor polyolefins, PVC, etc. good compatibility with polymers. Prisms mp = 47.8" bp = 305,4" 7,m = 252, 331 nm (e = 18600, 167, MeOH) insoluble in H2O, soluble in CeHe, MeOH, very soluble in EtOH, EtaO, MezCO, CHCI3, CS2, AcOH. Asahi Denka Kogyo. 

Many molecules with pH-dependent fluorescence properties are known and used only in aqueous media, which essentially precludes them from resist applications. To be of use in resist applications, fluorescent molecules must be soluble in organic solvents of moderate polarity and also be compatible with polymer films.Aromatic monazines such as acridine have been known to be essentially nonfluorescent in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents, whereas their protonated forms are highly fluorescent in aqueous solutions, which makes this class of materials interesting candidates for potential acid sensors. ... 

The substrate for the microfluidic device should be selected with consideration of the end application. Substrates used to fabricate the microchip device should not interact with target analytes, and must be compatible with the detection method employed (i.e., should not exhibit background fluorescence, BGF.). For the analysis of nonpolar compounds, it should be kept in mind that substrates such as poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) can adsorb hydrophobic analytes such as peptides and proteins. Plasma oxidation or treatment of the surface can sometimes be useful to minimize these interactions [34,35]. For perfusates containing organic solvents, compatibility with polymer substrates can also be an issue. Substrates to be used for the fabrication of electrophoresis-based separation devices should be capable of supporting a stable electroomostic flow (EOF). The use of a low cost material and standard processing procedures can permit mass fabrication of devices. 

Features Good compat. with polymer emulsions water-reducible use with temp.-stable pigments for continuous heat resist, to 350 C, with metallic pigments and special formulations for continuous heat resist, to... 

However, some substances have a poor compatibility with polymers, but there is evidence of their plasticizing action (a significant increase in critical deformations at temperatures below Tg and a decrease in viscosity). This effect was found in such systems as polypropylene-polysiloxane, PVC-etlyl stearate,"" cellulose triacetate-trimonochloroet-hyl phosphate, nitrocellulose-castor oil," cellulose triacetate-dihexyl sebacate," PVC-ethyl stearate," etc. 

EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON POLYMER AND OTHER ADDITIVES Figure 11.74 shows that silicone mbber responds to plasticization in a similar manner as other polymers. Modulus and elongation increase with the amount of plasticizer increase. The tensile strength is decreased with increased addition of plasticizer. Plasticizer type plays some role but all tested plasticizers have similar compatibility with polymer. Addition of ester type plasticizers to silicone formulation increased UV absorption and UV degradation rate of mbber. ... 

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