Lesion, lung

Histopathology (full, at least control and high-dose groups - all gross lesions, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, heart)... 

G. Sozzi, M. Oggionno, L. Alasio, et al. (2002). Molecular changes track recurrence and progression of bronchial pre-cancerous lesions. Lung Cancer, 37, 267-270. 

At postmortem examination, most monkeys had similar gross pulmonary lesions. Lungs were diffusely heavy and wet, with multifocal petechial hemorrhages and areas of atelectasis. Clear, serous-to-white, frothy fluid often drained freely from the laryngeal orifice. The small and large intestines frequently had petechial hemorrhages and mucosal erosions. Typically, monkeys had mildly swollen lymph nodes, with moist and bulging cut surfaces. 

Pneumogstis carini pneumonia (PCP), the most common of the opportunistic infections, occurs in more than 80% of AIDS patients (13). Toxoplasmosis, a proto2oan infection of the central nervous system, is activated in AIDS patients when the 004 count drops and severe impairment of ceU-mediated immunity occurs. Typically, patients have a mass lesion(s) in the brain. These mass lesions usually respond well to therapy and can disappear completely. Fungal infections, such as CTyptococcalmeningitis, are extremely common in AIDS patients, and Histop/asma capsulatum appears when ceU-mediated immunity has been destroyed by the HIV vims, leading to widespread infection of the lungs, Hver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. AIDS patients are particularly susceptible to bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella. Bacteremia may be cleared by using antibiotic therapy. 

The filariform larva found in moist soils may be either ingested or penetrate the skin of its host. It is then carried through the circulatory system to the lungs and migrates up the respiratory tree into the digestive tract. The worms feed on intestinal tissue and blood. Some worms may persist in humans as long as nine years. Infestations cause cutaneous reactions, pulmonary lesions, intestinal ulcerations, and anemia. 

Total frequencies of environmental illness are difficult to measure. When causes can be identified, however, scientists observe that frequencies of occurrence of a particular illness vary directly with the severity and extent of exposure. Particularly frequent in the workplace are skin lesions from many different causes and pulmonary diseases related to the inhalation of various dusts, such as coal dust (black lung), cotton dust (brown lung), asbestos fibers (asbestosis), and silica dust (silicosis). Environmental agents can also cause biological effects without overt clinical illness (for example, chromosome damage from irradiation). 

Odum J, Foster JR, Green T. 1992. A mechanism for the development of Clara cell lesions in the mouse lung after exposure to trichloroethylene. Chem Biol Interact 83 135-153. 

The least expensive visualization method in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Readily accessible and does not require systemic administration of contrast dye. However, it often detects lesions that are not cancerous and is not capable of assessing lymph node status. 

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