Solubility behavior

The solubility behavior of salts of carboxylic acids having 12—18 carbons is unusual and can be illustrated by considering sodium stearate (sodium octadecanoate) As seen by the structural formula of its sodium salt... 

In this section we discuss the initiation step of free-radical polymerization. This discussion is centered around initiators and their decomposition behavior. The first requirement for an initiator is that it be a source of free radicals. In addition, the radicals must be produced at an acceptable rate at convenient temperatures have the required solubility behavior transfer their activity to... 

The advantage of the activated displacement polymerization is the facile incorporation of different and unconventional structural units in the polymer backbone. Most of the heteroarylene activated polyethers prepared by this route are soluble in many organic solvents. The solubility behavior of new polyethers is shown in Table 8. In contrast to many polyphenylenequi-noxalines, poly(aryl ether phenylquinoxalines) prepared by the quionoxaline activated displacement reaction are soluble in NMP. Solubility in NMP is important since it is frequently used for polymer processing in the microelectronics industry [27]. 

Don t be intimidated by the size of the molecule most of the structure is there to provide an overall shape for binding to the enzyme and to provide appropriate solubility behavior. When looking at biological molecules, focus on the small part of the molecule where the chemical change takes place. 

These figures furnish a handy summary of solubility behavior. We see from Figure 10-5A that few chlorides have low solubilities. The few that do contain cations of metals clustered toward the right side of the periodic table (silver ion, Ag+, cuprous ion, Cu+, mercurous ion, HgJ2, and lead ion, Pb+2) but they do not fall in a single column. This irregularity is not un-... 

Roseman, T. J. Yalkowsky, S. H., Physical properties of prostaglandin F2a (tromethamine salt) Solubility behavior, surface properties, and ionization constants, J. Pharm. Sci. 62, 1680-1685 (1973). 

DJW Grant, T Higuchi. Solubility Behavior of Organic Compounds. New York Wiley, 1990, pp 7-60. 

It has been shown (9) that asphaltenes contain a broad distribution of polarities and molecular weights. According to these studies, the concept of asphaltenes is based on the solubility behavior of high-boiling hydrocarbonaceous materials in benzene and low-molecular weight n-paraffin hydrocarbons. This solubility behavior is a result of physical effects that are caused by a spectrum of chemical properties. Long also... 

Solubility Behavior - The solubilities of MTF, PTF and BTF in various organic solvents including C02 are given in Table VI. 

Charlesby, A. and Pinner, S. H., "Analysis of the Solubility Behavior of Irradiated Polyethylene and Other Polymers", Proc. R. Soc., 1959, A249, 367-386. 

G. L. Amidon. Dissolution and solubility behavior of fenofibrate in sodium lauryl sulfate solutions potential in vivo performance implications (Unpublished). 

The block copolymerization of MMA with ethylene was recently described using (202)/ B(C6F5)3.499 The olefin must be polymerized first (as observed with (188) and (190)) and the diblock nature of the product was inferred from solubility behavior. 

May, W. E., Wasik, S. P., Freeman, D. H. (1978b) Determination of the solubility behavior of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Anal. Chem. 50, 997-1000. 

Rossi, S.S., Thomas, W.H. (1981) Solubility behavior of three aromatic hydrocarbons in distilled water and natural seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15, 715-716. 

Gujlii-Ustundag O and Temelli F. 2004. Correlating the solubility behavior of minor lipid components in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 31(3) 227-234. 

Much effort has been expended on models that can be used to predict the solubility behavior of solutes, with good success being attained using a semi-empirical, group contribution approach [75]. In this system, the contributions made by individual functional groups are summed to yield a composite for the molecule, which implies a summation of free energy contributions from constituents. This method has proven to be useful in the prediction of solubility in water and in water-cosolvent mixtures. In addition to the simplest methodology, a variety of more sophisticated approaches to the prediction of compound solubility have been advanced [68]. 

Phase solubility analysis is a technique to determine the purity of a substance based on a careful study of its solubility behavior [38,39]. The method has its theoretical basis in the phase mle, developed by Gibbs, in which the equilibrium existing in a system is defined by the relation between the number of coexisting phases and components. The equilibrium solubility of a material in a particular solvent, although a function of temperature and pressure, is nevertheless an intrinsic property of that material. Any deviation from the solubility exhibited by a pure sample arises from the presence of impurities and/or crystal defects, and so accurate solubility measurements can be used to deduce the purity of the sample. 

The solubility behavior of enantiomers and racemates has been reviewed by Jacques et al. [141]. Other solid state properties of chiral drugs have been reviewed by Brittain [142]. 

D. J. W. Grant, and T. Higuchi, Solubility Behavior of Organic Compounds, Vol. 21, Techniques of Chemistry (W. H. Saunders Jr., series ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990. 

A number of methods provide data consistent with the diblock nature of this new copolymer, including molecular weight, thermal, and solution solubility behavior. 

The high solubility of Ca2+-phytate at pH 7.4 is further illustrated in Figure 3- The addition of small amounts of phytate to a solution of 10 mM Ca2+ forms a Cag-phytate precipitate. However, with increasing phytate, soluble complexes of lower Ca2+ to phytate ratios are formed. At the highest phytate concentration, Ca2+ is completely soluble in the form of Ca-j-, Ca / " and possibly Cap-phytate. We observed similar solubility behavior of phytate complexes with Ba2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg 2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Al +, Fe +, and La +, which suggests that all polyvalent cation phytate chelates of equimolar stoichiometry are soluble, in conflict with existing views on metallophytate properties. 

Once a set of potential solvents (and antisolvents) have been identified then the solubility behavior should be assessed in the laboratory, confirming the effect of temperature, the isolated solid form and the limits of purification. 

Consider using organic thickeners such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose with different substitution level per ring to obtain the desired thixotropy and water solubility behavior. 

Fvaluation of some systems of solid solutions according tvaxud fco their solubility behavior... 

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