Cubic meters

For atmospheric particulate matter, concentrations are expressed in mass per unit volume, commonly fig m 3, or in the number of particles per unit volume, for example, per cm3. 

TABLE 2.6 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Set by the United States Federal Government  

PM in 50 jug m-3 Annual arithmetic mean 50 ixg m 1 Annual arithmetic mean 

15 jugm-3 Annual arithmetic mean 15 jug in- 3 Annual arithmetic mean 

Lead 1.5 /xgm 3 Quarterly average 1.5 jugm-1 Quarterly average 

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Cubic foot per pound cubic meter per kilogram 0.062 428 0... 

Cubic meter per kilogram cubic foot per pound 16.0185... 

Ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic kilogram per cubic meter 1.001 154... 

Pound per cubic foot kilogram per cubic meter 16.018 46... 

The values in the table are grams of water contained in a cubic meter (m ) of saturated air at a total pressure 101 325 Pa (1 atm). 

Salmon, steelhead trout, and a variety of marine fishes are currentiy being reared in net-pens (Fig. 5). The typical salmon net-pen is several meters on each side and may be as much as 10 m deep (1). Smaller units, called cages, are sometimes used by freshwater culturists. Cages tend to have volumes of no more than a few cubic meters. 

Na.tura.1 Ga.s Reserves. U.S. natural gas reserves could support a significant methanol fuel program. 1990 proved, ie, well characterized amounts with access to markets and producible at current market conditions U.S. resources are 4.8 trillion cubic meters... 

The OSHA permissible exposure limit (11) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) estabHshed threshold limit value (TLV) (12) for fluorides is 2.5 mg of fluoride per cubic meter of air. This is the TLV—TWA concentration for a normal 8-h work day and a 40-h work week. 

X 10 m (l.9x lO " /t ) of heHum in each cubic meter (35 ft ) of air entering the air separation process, the small quantities of cmde coUected in even a large air separation unit may be easily appreciated. It is sometimes desirable, therefore, to combine cmdes coUected from several air plants and to process them at a centralized location in specialized equipment. 

The cracked gas composition is shown ia Table 10 for the water queach operatioa (16). Oae thousand cubic meters of methane and 600 m of oxygen produce 1800 m of cracked gas. If a naphtha quench is used, additional yields are produced, consuming 130 kg of naphtha/1000 of methane... 

Operating parameters of this German plant, on the basis of one cubic meter of raw gas, iaclude 0.139 m O2, 0.9 kg briquettes, 1.15 kg steam, 1.10 kg feed water, 0.016 kWh, and 1.30 kg gas Hquor produced. Gasifier output is 1850 m /h and gas yield is 1465 m /t dry, ash-free coal. The coal briquettes have a 19% moisture content, 7.8% ash content (dry basis), and ash melting poiat of 1270°C. Thermal efficiency of the gas production process is about 60%, limited by the quaHty and ash melting characteristics of the coal. Overall efficiency from raw coal to finished products is less than 50%. 

Natural gas production is generally given in cubic feet or cubic meters (1000 ft = 1 Mcf = 28.3 m ). Reserves of a trillion cubic feet (Tcf)... 

The NAAQS are expressed ia the form of ground level concentrations (GLC), which are the concentrations of pollutant ia the ambient air as measured at ground level, ia units of either micrograms per cubic meter or ppm. In order to convert a source s emission ia kilograms per hour to a GLC, dispersion modeling must be used. 

The viscosity ratio or relative viscosity, Tj p is the ratio of the viscosity of the polymer solution to the viscosity of the pure solvent. In capillary viscometer measurements, the relative viscosity (dimensionless) is the ratio of the flow time for the solution t to the flow time for the solvent /q (Table 2). The specific (sp) viscosity (dimensionless) is also defined in Table 2, as is the viscosity number or reduced (red) viscosity, which has the units of cubic meters per kilogram (m /kg) or deciUters per gram (dL/g). The logarithmic viscosity number or inherent (inh) viscosity likewise has the units m /kg or dL/g. For Tj g and Tj p, the concentration of polymer, is expressed in convenient units, traditionally g/100 cm but kg/m in SI units. The viscosity number and logarithmic viscosity number vary with concentration, but each can be extrapolated (Fig. 9) to zero concentration to give the limiting viscosity number (intrinsic viscosity) (Table 2). 

Talc is considered a nuisance dust and subject to regulation in the workplace by both the Occupational Health and Safety Administration and the Mine Safety and Health Administration. Eight-hour exposure limits for talc dust are two milligrams of talc per cubic meter. 

Other studies of the toxicity of stannous fluoride, sodium pentafluorostannite, sodium pentachlorostannite, sodium chlorostannate, stannous sulfide [1314-95-0] stannous and stannic oxides, stannous pyrophosphate [15578-26 ] stannous tartrate [815-85-0] and other inorganic tin compounds are reviewed in References (dh—12. The OSHA TLV standard for inorganic tin compounds is two milligrams of inorganic tin compounds as tin per cubic meter of air averaged over an eight-hour work shift (47). 

Density and Relative Density. Density is mass per unit volume and in SI is normally expressed as kilograms per cubic meter (density of water = 1000 kg/m or 1 g/cm ). The term specific gravity was formerly the accepted dimensionless value describing the ratio of the density of sohds and Hquids to the density of water at 4°C or for gases to the density of ak at standard conditions. The term specific gravity is being replaced by relative mass density, a more descriptive term. 

When using powers with a unit name, the modifier squared or cubed is used after the unit name, except for areas and volumes, eg, second squared, gram cubed, but square millimeter, cubic meter. 

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