Paraffin Wax, Refined

Specialty waxes include polar waxes for more polar adhesive systems. Examples would be castor wax (triglyceride of 12-hydroxy stearic acid) or Paracin wax N- 2 hydroxy ethyl)-12-hydroxy stearamide) which are used in polyester, polyamide, or with high VA EVA copolymer-based systems. Other common polar waxes are maleated polyethylenes, which are used to improve the specific adhesion of polyethylene-based adhesives, and low molecular weight ethylene copolymers with vinyl acetate or acrylic acid, which are used to improve low temperature adhesion. High melting point isotactic polypropylene wax (7 155°C) and highly refined paraffin wax (7,n 83°C) are used where maximum heat resistance is critical. Needless to say, these specialty waxes also command a premium price, ranging from 2 to 5 times that of conventional paraffin wax. 

Reducing the temperature by 75-100°F dramatieally improves the thermal stability of packaging adhesives, resulting in significant cost savings for equipment maintenance, as well as greater worker safety. Such adhesives became possible with the availability of low MW EVA base polymers (MI of 800 and above). They rely on low MW refined paraffin wax and a blend of resins chosen for the specific application [67,68]. 

Essowax". Trademark of Esso Standard Div of Humble Oil. St Refining Co, New York, NY, for fully refined paraffin wax available in slabs and in liquid form in wide range of melting points and hardness Ref CondChemDict (1961), 450-L... 

Chevron Saturating Waxes. [Chevron] Refined paraffin waxes and additives for increasing strength of corrugated board. 

Low temperature filtration (qv) is a common final refining step to remove paraffin wax in order to lower the pour point of the oil (14). As an alternative to traditional filtration aided by a propane or methyl ethyl ketone solvent, catalytic hydrodewaxing cracks the wax molecules which are then removed as lower boiling products. Finished lubricating oils are then made by blending these refined stocks to the desired viscosity, followed by introducing additives needed to provide the required performance. Table 3 Usts properties of typical commercial petroleum oils. Methods for measuring these properties are available from the ASTM (10). 

Geresin wax [8001 -75-0] originally was a refined and bleached o2okerite wax, but now is a paraffin wax of very narrow molecular weight distribution or blend of petroleum waxes. 

Paraffin wax is macrocrystalline, britde, and is composed of 40—90 wt % normal alkanes, with the remainder C g—isoalkanes and cycloalkanes. Paraffin wax has Httle affinity for oil content fully refined paraffin has less than 1 wt % cmde scale, 1—2 wt %, and slack [64742-61-6] above 2 wt %. Within these classes, the melting point of the wax determines the actual grade, with a range of about 46—71°C. Typical properties of petroleum waxes are listed in Table 3. 

Although the true waxes, such as beeswax, are esters of fatty acids with alcohols, the term is often applied to certain solid substances which melt at fairly low temperatures, e.g., paraffin wax. Paraffin waxes (crystalline and microcrystalline) are obtained from the refining of petroleum, and are used in rubber compounding as protective agents. They have the property of blooming to the surface of the product, forming a thin film which replenishes itself if removed in service. 

In cold-temperature environments and during winter months, fuel refiners and marketers will often blend kerosene or 1 diesel fuel into 2 diesel fuel to help combat the problems associated with paraffin wax in fuel. This technique is effective to a limited extent due to the reduction in fuel BTU and specific-gravity values by these lighter fuels. 

Linear, branched and cyclic paraffins can all be present in fuel. At low temperatures, fuel filtration, pumpability and injection problems are primarily due to paraffinic wax. Refiners can contend with fuel wax through processing changes and blending. Examples include ... 

The largest single source of hydrocarbon waxes is from petroleum. These waxes are a byproduct of the gasoline/oil refinement process. Petroleum waxes are divided into two main groups, paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes, both of which are hydrocarbons... 

Semisolid petroleum jelly is a highly refined product commonly known as vaseline, a mixture of predominantly C16-C19 alkanes. Carefully controlled refining processes are used to remove nitrogen and sulfur compounds, resins, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Paraffin wax is a similar product, behaving as a solid. Neither petroleum jelly nor paraffin is digested or absorbed by the body. 

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