Maintenance of equipment

The service provided by maintenance engineering was traditionally that of repairing equipment items when they failed. This is no longer the case, and a maintenance department is now pro-active rather than reactive in its approach. Maintenance of equipment items will be an important consideration in the FDP, because the mode and cost of maintaining equipment plays an important part in the facilities design and in the mode of operation. 

Increasingly, maintenance engineers think in terms of the performance and maintenance of equipment over the whole life of the field. This is often at the centre of the decision on capex-opex trade-offs for example spending higher capex on a more reliable piece of equipment in anticipation of less maintenance costs later in the life of the equipment. 

Additional operations essential to commercial bauxite processing are steam and power generation, heat recovery to minimise energy consumption, process liquor evaporation to maintain a water balance, impurity removal from process liquor streams, classification and washing of ttihydrate, lime caustication of sodium carbonate [497-19-8] to sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] repair and maintenance of equipment, rehabiUtation of mine and residue disposal sites, and quaUty and process control. Each operation in the process can be carried out in a variety of ways depending upon bauxite properties and optimum economic tradeoffs. 

Apply to all workplaces, unless specifically excepted, and require a fire risk assessment where necessary, appropriate fire-fighting equipment with detectors and alarms measures for fire-fighting emergency routes and exits maintenance of equipment provided. 

The standard requires suitable maintenance of equipment to ensure continuing process capability and to identity keg processes and provide appropriate resources for machine/equipment maintenance and develop an effective planned total preventive maintenance system. 

The standard requires maintenance of equipment to ensure continuing process capability in clause 4.9.1(g) and in clause 4.9.3 requires the supplier to maintain or exceed process capability or performance as approved via customer part approval process. 

The ignition sources described above cannot be eliminated, but tliey can be controlled by careful layout of tlie plant, proper design and maintenance of equipment, and tlie use of trip systems. 

Tile standard requires tlie preparer to describe tlie precautions for safe handling and use. Tliese include recommended industrial hygiene practices, precautions to be taken during repair and maintenance of equipment, and procedures for cleaning up spills and leaks. Some manufacturers also use Uiis section to include useful itiformation not specifically required by the standard, such as EPA waste disposal tnethods and state atid local requiretnents. 

Repair and Maintenance. Another job for the stockroom personnel is to do minor repairs and routine maintenance of equipment. Adequate bench space should be set aside for this. 

To facilitate the maintenance of equipment with different performance criteria, written procedures are needed that serve as a record of the process used to evaluate the system s performance. Maintenance by appropriately trained personnel should be performed at regular intervals before equipment parts fail. 

Processes and equipment should be designed to reduce the chances of mis-operation by providing tight control systems, alarms and interlocks. Sample points, process equipment drains, and pumps should be sited so that any leaks flow into the plant effluent collection system, not directly to sewers. Hold-up systems, tanks and ponds, should be provided to retain spills for treatment. Flanged joints should be kept to the minimum needed for the assembly and maintenance of equipment. 

Equipment can reasonably be expected to perform to its full capability when new but may deteriorate rapidly in use unless properly maintained and calibrated. Maintenance of equipment can be either preventive or curative. Some simple maintenance will be possible by the user however, in many cases it will be the responsibility of the manufacturer, supplier or a recognized agent. Use of this professional maintenance may be a condition of the warranty, and do-it-yourself repairs may invalidate the warranty. 

BB. Administration and logistics, including EOC, when established CC. Equipment needs/maintenance of equipment DD. Recovery and restoration of operations EE. Emergency event closeout and recovery V. Incident-Specific Emergency Action Procedures (EAPs)... 

Maintenance effort High maintenance of equipment acceptable Complexity and cost of maintenance is significant factor... 

Any portion of the study that is a "field study" may also be audited. A field study auditor would inspect many of the same items already mentioned, but at the field site location. These include the training and experience of the field personnel, the calibration and maintenance of equipment, the field management and operations, the test substance application, and the sampling. Special problems are sometimes encountered in the field because the site is physically displaced from the main site of the study. Despite the physical displacement, the equipment must still be calibrated and maintained, the protocols and SOPs must be followed, there must be proper record-keeping, and there must be regular inspections by the QAU. 

The need for regular inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of equipment is well recognized in the scientific community. A laboratory should estabhsh schedules for such op-... 

Table V summarizes the results of analyses for 2,k,5-T in the 2U-hour urine samples. Urinary levels ranged from <0.01 ppm for an observer to IT ppm in urine collected from applicator it who was wearing the leaking backpack sprayer. Proper maintenance of equipment and better personal hygiene probably could have prevented the relatively high exposure experienced by this individual, estimated as a dose of about 0.2 mg/kg of body weight.

Maintenance of equipment and instruments must be documented in LIMS or appropriate maintenance books kept with the equipment. 

Writing and review of SOPs Including, maintenance of equipment, quality assurance, report preparation, and proper preparation and handling of protocols. 

Maintenance schedule. Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain schedules for the adjustment, cleaning, and other maintenance of equipment to ensure that manufacturing specifications are met. Maintenance activities, including the date and individual(s) performing the maintenance activities, shall be documented. 

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