Viruses human immunodeficiency virus

Immune Globulin (IG) IG is a sterile solution containing antibodies from human blood. It is obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of large pools of blood plasma and contains 15-18 percent protein. Intended for intramuscular administration, IG is primarily indicated for routine maintenance of immunity of certain immunodeficient persons and for passive immunity against measles and hepatitis. IG does not transmit hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or other infectious diseases. 

These compounds produce the antiviral effect against RNA-containing viruses (human immunodeficiency virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) and the DNA-containing virus -cytomegalovirus [71],... 

Various bacterial vectors have been used to express a number of bacterial B. pertussis, S. pneumoniae, Y. pestis, and L. monocytogenes), viral (herpesvirus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus), and parasitic (5. mansoni, and L. major) antigens. Significant improvements in attenuation of bacteria, and the stability, localization, and expression levels of heterologous antigens are required to market the bacterial vector-based vaccines for use in humans or animals. 

Neisseria gonorrhoeas Legionella pneumophila Exposure to or infection with viruses Human immunodeficiency virus Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr virus Hepatitis A, B, or C Ru bella... 

Antiphospholipid syndrome Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus... 

Polymyositis/ dermatomyositis Coxsackie virus, parvovirus, enterovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Toxoplasma, Borrelia... 

Infection of a host cell by a virus particle occurs when the virus sticks to a host cell and then a portion of the cell membrane is dissolved by an enzyme present in the protein overcoat of the virus. This is followed by the entry of nucleic acid of the virus or the complete virus into the host cell. There is high specificity in this process as only certain types of hosts and host cells are invaded by any particular virus. For example, there are large numbers of plant viruses, none of which invade animal cells. The HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus) which is responsible for AIDS infects only the T (lymphocyte) cells of the human immune system but the result is devastating. The immune system is inactivated and the person becomes easy prey to pneumonia, Kaposi s sarcoma (a form of cancer), and a variety of other opportunistic diseases. 

AIDS is caused by two types of viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and -2, the former being the most prevalent. In 2008, an estimated 33.4 million people worldwide were living with an HIV infection, and around 2 million of these die each year [3]. The AIDS epidemic remains a challenge to worldwide healthcare. In the USA alone, since 1980, 170 billion has been spent on AIDS research, and... 

LIP is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by a very prominent cellular lymphoplasmacytic interstitial infiltrate. Although it is classified as an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (3), it is rarely idiopathic and more often due to one of a variety of conditions including infections (especially Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Pneumocystis jiroveci), chronic active hepatitis, CVD such as Sjogren syndrome and SLE, drug toxicity, immunodeficiency states, and after bone marrow transplantation (21,40-53). Primary B-cell lymphomas may develop in approximately 5% of patients with LIP associated with Sjogren syndrome (54). 

Description of hazard. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. Workers who are exposed to these pathogens are at risk for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and other diseases. Water system workers trained in first aid who can reasonably be anticipated to come into contact with blood as a result of doing their job duties are covered... 

During the early 1980s, a disease called acquired immune deficiency syndrome, commonly known as AIDS, began to claim an alarming number of lives. An HlV-1 virus (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) is now known to be the AIDS-causing agent... 

The viruses responsible for AIDS are human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV 1 and HIV 2) Both are retroviruses, meaning that their genetic material is RNA rather than DNA HI Vs require a host cell to reproduce and the hosts m humans are the T4 lymphocytes which are the cells primarily responsible for inducing the immune system to respond when provoked The HIV penetrates the cell wall of a T4 lymphocyte and deposits both its RNA and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase inside There the reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of a DNA strand that is complementary to the viral RNA The transcribed DNA then serves as the template from which the host lymphocyte produces copies of the virus which then leave the host to infect other T4 cells In the course of HIV reproduction the ability of the T4 lymphocyte to reproduce Itself IS compromised As the number of T4 cells decrease so does the body s ability to combat infections... 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has no cure. HIV infects the cells of the human immune system, such as T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. After a long period of latency and persistent infection, it results in the progressive decline of the immune system, and leads to full-blown AIDS, resulting in death. 

Rossmann, M.G. Antiviral agents targeted to interact with viral capsid proteins and a possible application to human immunodeficiency virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85 4625-4627, 1988. 

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) (Vol. 67 1996)... 

In patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the helper cell population is weakened to the point where the immune system is no longer able to function properly. The body thus becomes susceptible to otherwise nonlethal diseases such as pneumonia. 

M. A., Dorns, R. W., and Peiper, S. C. (1997). Two distinct CCR5 domains can mediate coreceptor usage by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 71 6305-6314. 

Smyth, R. J., Yi, Y., Singh, A., and Collman, R. G. (1998). Determinants of entry cofactor utilization and tropism in a dualtropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate. J. Virol. 72 4478-4484. 

Ullum, H., Lepri, A. C., Victor, J., Aladdin, H., Phillips, A. N., Gerstoft, J., Skinhoj, P., and Pedersen, B. K. (1998). Production of beta-chemokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection Evidence that high levels of macrophage in inflammatory protein-1-beta are asociated with a decreased risk of HIV progression. J. Infect. Dis. 177 331-336. 

Luciw P (1996) Human immunodeficiency viruses and their replication. In Fields BN, Knipe DN, Howley, PM (eds) Virology. Lippincott-Raven publishers, Philadelphia, PA, pp 1881-1952... 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (combined with other drugs)... 

The term generic indicates the drug is available in generic form. Gl, gastrointestinal HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. 

AIDS After considerable research, the causative agent for AIDS was identified as a virus, which was eventually named the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 

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