Human immunodeficiency virus cells

Gallaher WR (1987) Detection of a fusion peptide sequence in the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 50 327-328... 

Erankel AD, Pabo CO. Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 1988 55(6) 1189-1193. 

The viruses responsible for AIDS are human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV 1 and HIV 2) Both are retroviruses, meaning that their genetic material is RNA rather than DNA HI Vs require a host cell to reproduce and the hosts m humans are the T4 lymphocytes which are the cells primarily responsible for inducing the immune system to respond when provoked The HIV penetrates the cell wall of a T4 lymphocyte and deposits both its RNA and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase inside There the reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of a DNA strand that is complementary to the viral RNA The transcribed DNA then serves as the template from which the host lymphocyte produces copies of the virus which then leave the host to infect other T4 cells In the course of HIV reproduction the ability of the T4 lymphocyte to reproduce Itself IS compromised As the number of T4 cells decrease so does the body s ability to combat infections... 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has no cure. HIV infects the cells of the human immune system, such as T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. After a long period of latency and persistent infection, it results in the progressive decline of the immune system, and leads to full-blown AIDS, resulting in death. 

In patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the helper cell population is weakened to the point where the immune system is no longer able to function properly. The body thus becomes susceptible to otherwise nonlethal diseases such as pneumonia. 

Townsend L, Devivar R, Turk S, Nassiri M, Drach J (1995) Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of certain 2,5,6-trihalo-l-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles. J Med Chem 38 4098 105 Turlure F, Devroe E, Silver PA, Engelman A (2004) Human cell proteins and human immunodeficiency virus DNA integration. Front Biosd 9 3187-3208 Umehara T, Fukuda K, Nishikawa F, Kohara M, Hasegawa T, NisUkawa S (2005) Rational design of dual-functional aptamers that inhibit the protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3. J Biochem 137 339-347... 

Many enveloped viruses share a common mechanism of fusion, mediated by a virus-encoded glycoprotein that contains heptad repeats in its extraceUnlar domain. Dnring the fnsion process, these domains rearrange to form highly structured and thermodynamically stable coiled-coils. Viruses encoding fusion proteins that have these domains inclnde members of the paramyxovirus family (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and measles virus), ebola virus, influenza, and members of the retroviridae (e.g., human T cell lenkemia virus type-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type-1, HlV-1). Peptide inhibitors of fusion that disrupt the... 

Harrowe G, Cheng-Mayer C (1995) Amino acid substitutions in the V3 loop are responsible for adaptation to growth in transformed T-cell lines of a primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology 210 490-494... 

Platt EJ, Dumin IP, Rabat D (2005) Kinetic factors control efficiencies of cell entry, efficacies of entry inhibitors, and mechanisms of adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus, J Virol 79 4347 356... 

Fernie BF, Poli G, Fauci AS (1991) Alpha interferon suppresses virion but not soluble human immunodeficiency virus antigen production in chronically infected T-lymphocytic cells. J Virol 65 3968-3971... 

Bukovsky AA, Song JP, Naldini L (1999) Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus-derived vectors with wild-type virus in transduced cells. J Virol 73 7087-7092... 

Cooper LJ, Kalos M, Lewinsohn DA, Riddell SR, Greenberg PD (2000) Transfer of specificity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into primary human T lymphocytes by introduction of T-cell receptor genes. J Virol 74 8207-8212... 

Richardson JH, Child LA, Lever AM (1993) Packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA requires cis-acting sequences outside the 5 leader region, J Virol 67 3997 005 Roberts MR, Qin L, Zhang D, Smith DH, Tran AC, Dull TJ, Groopman JE, Capon DJ, Bym RA, Finer MH (1994) Targeting of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by CD8-I- T lymphocytes armed with universal T-cell receptors. Blood 84 2878-2889 Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, Loftin S, Li C, Krance RA, Brenner MK, Heslop HE (1995) Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lympho-proliferation. Lancet 345 9-13... 

Schambach A, Schiedlmeier B, Kuhlcke K, Verstegen M, Margison GP, Li Z, Kamino K, Bohne J, Alexandrov A, Hermann FG, von Laer D, Baum C (2006) Towards hematopoietic stem cell-mediated protection against infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Gene Ther 13 1037-1047... 

Walker CM, Levy JA (1989) A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication. Immunology 66 628-630 Walker RE, Bechtel CM, Natarajan V, Baseler M, Hege KM, Metcalf JA, Stevens R, Hazen A, Blaese RM, Chen CC, Lehman SF, Palensky J, Wittes J, Davey RT, Falloon J, Polls MA, Ko-vacs JA, Broad DF, Levine BL, Roberts MR, Masur H, Lane HC (2000) Long-term in vivo survival of receptor-modified syngeneic T cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood 96 467 74... 

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