Virus vesicular stomatitis

Mudd, J.A., and Swanson, R.F. (1978) In situ crosslinking of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins with reversible agents. Virology 88, 263-280. 

Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. September 27,2001. 

Hirayama J, Abe H, Kamo N, Shinbo T, Ohnishi-Yamada Y, Kurosawa S, Ikebuchi K, Sekiguchi S (1999) Photoinactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus with fullerene conjugated with methoxy polyethylene glycol amine. Biol Pharm Bull 22 1106-1109. 

Vandenbroeck et al.7 used an ELISA to determine the recovery of immu-noreactive porcine interferon-gamma (IFN-y) from E. coli inclusion bodies. The ELISA used a polyclonal coating antibody with detection by a MAb. The inclusion bodies were solubilized in diluted 6 M guanidine/HCl and IFN subsequently refolded by its removal. The antiviral activity of the interferon was measured with a bioassay using the cytopathic effect (CPE) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on bovine kidney cells. The results of this study showed that the immu-noreactivity measured by ELISA matched the biological activity measured by bioassay. 

One experimental tool in this direction is provided by some enveloped animal viruses which mature at the cell surface of infected cells (K Sri inen and Renkonen, 1977 Lenard, 1978). Such viruses include influenza virus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). They are extremely simple in makeup and hence are very well characterized. They can be tagged with biochemical probes in many different ways. They infect many animal cells in culture, and after infection turn the cells into factories for the production of virus progeny. The protein-synthesizing machinery of the host cell is programmed by the viral RNA to make viral proteins exclusively and these include the viral surface glycoproteins. These are synthesized with signal peptides and inserted into the ER membrane (Katz et ai, 1977 Garoff et... 

Anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro and in vivo was also found in wogonin and baicalein (Fig. 4), the major active constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria radix.More recently, Blach-Olszewska et al investigated the effect of baicalein and wogonin on two important mechanisms of innate immunity The secretion of cytokines, and the natural resistance of human leukocytes to viral infection. The results obtained indicate that these fiavonoids modulate cytokine production, that is they inhibit interferons-a and -y, and stimulate tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin production. They also augment the resistance of peripheral blood leukocytes to the vesicular stomatitis virus. 

The following cell cultures and virus have shown to be suitable MDBK cells (ATCC No. CCL22), or Mouse L cells (NCTC clone 929 ATCC No. CCL I) as the cell culture and vesicular stomatitis virus VSV Indiana strain (ATCC No. VR-158) as the infective agent or human diploid fibroblast FS-71 cells responsive to interferon as the cell culture, and encephalomyocarditis virus (ATCC No. VR-129B) as the infective agent. 

Anionic polyelectrolytes have been shown to enhance resistance to bacteria and fungi, enhance immune response, inhibit adjuvent arthritis and either depress or stimulate phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system [458,459]. Carboxylic acid polymers have shown interferon induction, antiviral activity, and tumor growth inhibition [460]. The effects include inhibition of sarcoma, leukemia, polyoma and vesicular stomatitis virus. In one application, the cytotoxicity of bleomycin toward cultured mammalian cells was synergisti-cally enhanced by stirring in the presence of high molecular weight polyfacrylic acid) [461]. 

Other mutants of Chinese-hamster ovary-cells having decreased amounts of lipid-linked oligosaccharides are known, although they are less well characterized. G-Protein of vesicular stomatitis virus grown in one of these mutants appeared to contain fewer, but full-sized rather than truncated, oligosaccharide side-chains. There may be insufficient amounts of oligosaccharide precursor available for transfer to nascent glycoproteins.172... 

Bums, J.C. (1993). Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90, 8033-8037. 

Fig. 38.—Structure of Glycan of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Membrane Glyco-protein.616...

The triantennary glycan structure of the membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) has been elucidated by Ballou and coworkers215 (see Fig. 38). 

Kalinke, U., Bucher, E.M., Ernst, B., Oxenius, A., Roost, H.-P., Geley, S., Kofler, R., Zinkemagel, R.M., Hengartner, H. (1996). The role of somatic mutation in the generation of the protective humoral immune response against vesicular stomatitis virus. Immunity 5,639-652. 

Talib, S., and J.E. Hearst. 1983. Initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus Single internal initiation in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid and vanadyl ribonucleoside complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 11 7031. 

Lim, F. Y., Robinger, G. P., Weiner, D. J., Radu, A., Wilson, J. M. and Crombleholme, T. M. (2003). Human fetal trachea-SCID mouse xenografts Efficacy of vesicular stomatitis virus-G pseudotyped lentiviral-mediated gene transfer. J. Pediatr. Surg. 38, 834—839. 

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