Sjogren s syndrome

Sizing material Sizing tests Sjogren s syndrome Skane M-8 Skatole [83-34-1]... 

Systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren s syndrome, multiple myeloma, obstructive uropathy, cirrhosis, and sickle cell disease... 

The oral cholinergic agonists pilocarpine and cevimeline are used for patients with combined dry eye and dry mouth (e.g., Sjogren s syndrome) or severe dry eye. By binding to muscarinic receptors, the cholinergic agonists may increase tear production. Excessive sweating is a common side effect with pilocarpine and may limit its use (Table 60-10). 

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Dryness of conjunctiva and cornea a component of Sjogren s syndrome. 

Sjogren s syndrome An inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that affects the mucous membranes, causing dry mouth, decreased tear production, decreased sense of taste and smell, joint pain, and swollen glands. 

Veldona (nIFN-a Natureal protein Anti-inflammatory Sjogren s syndrome... 

A recent report by the National Institutes of Health estimated that at 14 to 22 million people in the United States are affected by an autoimmune disease.1 As a group, these diseases represent a leading cause of death among women under age 65, with systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes being the major sources of this impact on mortality.2 The autoimmune thyroid diseases, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common of the autoimmune diseases (Table 25.1).3-5 Most autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women. In the thyroid diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren s syndrome, more than 85% of patients are female, but it is not known why the female predominance is so high in these specific diseases. 

Azuma, M. et al., Role of cytokines in the destruction of acinar structure in Sjogren s syndrome salivary glands, Lab. Invest., 77, 269,1997. 

Androgen AR Human cell line Cancer, andropause, menopause, Sjogren s syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism, infertility, hypertension, mood disorders, diabetes, cystic fibrosis Immune modulation, vascular hemodynamics, neuroprotection, skeletal development, reproduction, maintenance of neuronal morphology, regulation of vasopressin Vla expression, prostatic blood flow and LH production... 

Sjogren s syndrome Autoimmune reactivity against proteasome subunits /31i and /35i 412 ... 

Unlabeled Uses Hyperlipidemia, lung cancer, male contraception, malnutrition, postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren s syndrome, trauma/sur-... 

Dry mouth associated with Sjogren s syndrome PO 5 mg four times a day. Range 20 0 mg/day. 

Pilocarpine has long been used to increase salivary secretion. Cevimeline, a quinuclidine derivative of acetylcholine, is a new direct-acting muscarinic agonist used for the treatment of dry mouth associated with Sjogren s syndrome and that caused by radiation damage of the salivary glands. 

Pilocarpine Like bethanechol, partial agonist Like bethanechol Glaucoma Sjogren s syndrome Oral lozenge and topical Toxicity interactions Like bethanechol... 

Fox RI, Konttinen Y, Fisher A Use of muscarinic agonists in the treatment of Sjogren s syndrome. Clin Immunol 2001 101 249.[PMID 11726216]... 

Although antimalarials improve symptoms, there is no evidence that these compounds alter bony damage in rheumatoid arthritis at their usual dosages (up to 6.4 mg/kg/d for hydroxychloroquine or 200 mg/d for chloroquine). It usually takes 3-6 months to obtain a response. Antimalarials are often used in the treatment of the skin manifestations, serositis, and joint pains of systemic lupus erythematosus, and they have been used in Sjogren s syndrome. 

They are designated golgin-84, -95, -160, -245, and -376 (giantin or macrogolgin) and were identified initially as human autoantigens (Chapter 31), appearing in the blood of persons with autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren s syndrome.281 282 Another protein... 

Laroche M, Borg S, Lassoued S, De Lafontan B, Roche H. Joint pain with aromatase inhibitors abnormal frequency of Sjogren s syndrome. J Rheumatol 2007 34(ll) 2259-63. 

Two healthy young women took estrogen supplements for some 3 years and then developed classic Sjogren s syndrome (69). The syndrome was most severe in the woman who had taken the higher dose. These cases seem to have confirmed earlier reports that estrogens can play a role in the pathogenesis of Sjogren s syndrome in susceptible patients. 

Nagler RM, Pollack S. Sjogren s syndrome induced by estrogen therapy. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000 30(3) 209-14. 

Gold is effective for active rheumatoid arthritis and has been shown to slow radiologic progression of the disease. It has also been used in Sjogren s syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while use in psoriatic arthritis is controversial. In Japan, gold is used to treat asthma. The oral form of gold is effective in rheumatoid arthritis, but it appears less effective than the intramuscular formulation and is generally felt to have only modest effects. 

Clark et al. in 1969 first identified antibodies (Abs) that reacted with Ro antigen in patients with SLE (C20). Alspaugh et al. (A16) in 1975 identified antibodies to SSA antigen in patients with Sjogren s syndrome (SS). Anti-Ro and anti-SSA Abs were later shown to target the same antigen (A15). 

A15. Alspaugh, M. A., and Maddison, P., Resolution of the identity of certain antigen-antibody systems in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren s syndrome An interlaboratory collaboration. Arthritis Rheum. 22, 796-798 (1979). 

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