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Immunodeficiency states

Conditions which predispose to infection include those which decrease gastric acidity, antibiotic use, malnutrition, and immunodeficiency states. Contaminated food or water is implicated in most cases. [Pg.444]

Primary immunodeficiency states Hepatitis A exposure Hepatitis A prophylaxis... [Pg.587]

Primary immunodeficiency states, including both antibody deficiencies and combined deficiencies / Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura... [Pg.587]

Physiologically, these plasma changes are included here since they reflect impaired numbers or function of B-lymphocytes. Two broad categories are recognizable. First, such immunodeficiency states may exist on congenital basis and often do so with concurrent defects in the T cells (Fig. 1). Alternatively, severe reductions in immunoglobulin levels often develop in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma. Not dissimilar impairment of immune competence is found with nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy or even malnutrition, and in these instances is equally profound. [Pg.740]

Fig. 1. The immunodeficiency states. The ways in which the various defects are related can be appreciated by considering the evolution of lymph-haematopoietic lineages in the bone marrow. Fig. 1. The immunodeficiency states. The ways in which the various defects are related can be appreciated by considering the evolution of lymph-haematopoietic lineages in the bone marrow.
By promoting the formation of T lymphocytes, thymic factors are used to enhance T-lymphocytic functions. Thymic factors have been used with some success in clinical trials in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency, DiGeorge s or Nezelof s syndrome, and viral disorders. Studies with thymodulin show promise in treating symptoms in asthmatics and patients with allergic rhinitis. The primary consideration in the use of thymic factors for immunodeficiency states is the presence of T-lymphocyte precursors. [Pg.662]

Treatment of primary immunodeficiency states in which severe impairment of antibody forming capacity idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPT) bone marrow transplantation pediatric HIV infection... [Pg.473]

Therapists also deal with the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders that are caused by an autoimmune response. Many of these diseases attack connective tissues, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are often the primary reason that patients undergo rehabilitation. Patients with a compromised immune system may develop musculoskeletal problems related to their immunodeficient state. Hence, immunomodulating drugs are frequently used in many patients receiving physical therapy and occupational therapy. [Pg.601]

Heneghan MA, Stevens FM, Cryan EM, Warner RH, McCarthy CF. Celiac sprue and immunodeficiency states A 25-year review. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997 25 421 425. [Pg.60]

There are also immunodeficiency states that are primary and can be caused by phagocytic cell defects, deficiencies in the complement system, B- and T-cell deficiency, and other causes. Secondary immunodeficiency disorders can result from malnutrition, cytotoxic drugs, infections with pyrogenic bacteria, and infections with an RNA retrovirus, as in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). [Pg.370]

IGIV is used either for andbody replacement or immuno-moduladon. Some of the incUcadons as replacement therapy include general or specific immunodeficiency states e.g., hepadds A prophylaxis, chronic lymphocydc leukemia with hypogammaglobulinemia, muldple myeloma with specific andbody deficiency, low birth weight babies at risk for infecdon and infants/children with HIV. It is also used as an immune modulator in concUdons such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired hemophilia (Krensky et ah, 2005 Shah, 2005). [Pg.557]

Immune defense depends on four complex, interactive systems cell-mediated immunity (T lymphocytes) humoral antibodies (immunoglobulins) the phagocytic system and the complement system. The last two systems are nonspecific in that they have no immunological memory for the antigen. Only the second and fourth systems are composed of plasma proteins. Immunodeficiency states characterized by recurrent infections may be the result of a defect in any one of these systems or combinations thereof. [Pg.571]

Fletcher MA, Baron GC, Ashman MR, Fischl MA, Klimas NG (1987) Use of whole blood methods in assessment of immune parameters in immunodeficiency states. Diagn Clin Immunol 5 69-81... [Pg.266]

In the United States, approximately 1.4 million cases of salmonellosis, 16,000 hospitahzations, and 600 deaths occur annually. Salmonellosis is a disease primarily of infants, children, and adolescents. Cliildren younger than 5 years of age account for about 25% of all diagnosed cases. Conditions that may predispose to infection include those which decrease gastric acidity, antibiotic use, malnutrition, and immunodeficiency states. Contaminated food or water has been implicated in the majority of cases. Direct fecal-oral transmission occurs less frequently but is particularly important in children. Foods most often implicated in human salmonellosis are poultry, poultry products, beef, pork, and dairy products. Pets, particularly reptiles, are a common source of infection. [Pg.2044]

Another situation favoring selection of dormant tumor cells occurs in immunodeficiency states. Spontaneous or induced immunodeficiency often increases susceptibility to neoplasia (Kl, M3). However, the results show more variability than can be explained simply by impairment of immunologic surveillance (M3). In humans the excess is largely due to an increase in the frequency of leukemias and lymphomas, except in those immunodeficiency states associated with chromosomal fragility, such as ataxia telangiectasia (P2, S10). [Pg.201]

When working out methods for prophylaxis and treatment of the postintoxication immunodeficiency states accompanied with different infectious complications, it is important to know the character of immune response modulation by antidotic means used for therapy of acute poisonings with OPC. [Pg.175]

In the experiments in rats with acute sarin poisoning (DL50), antidotes were administered intraperitoneally as follows dipiroxym 15 mg/kg, atropine 20 mg/ kg (2 times a day, every 12 hours, for 2 days). The first dose of antidote was administered to the animals 10 minutes after exposure to the poison. It was established that, in acute intoxication with sarin, the usage of atropine amplified its immunotoxic effect. Dipiroxymc, on the contrary, reduced manifestations of the postintoxication immunodeficiency state. [Pg.175]

Thymus transplantation has also been employed experimentally in a variety of conditions including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, ataxia-telangiectsia, and Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, but in these cases results have generally been disappointing (reviewed in Pahwa et al., 1979 Skotnicki et al., 1984). Thus, the only immunodeficiency state that has clearly demonstrated a lasting improvement of T cell immunity following thymus transplantation is DiGeorge s syndrome. [Pg.255]

The ultimate significance of the thymic hormones is their potential clinical application for both the diagnosis and treatment of various immunodeficiency states. It had been hoped that the utilization of assays to detect low circulating thymic hormone levels would provide diagnostic tests for immunodeficiency diseases or more specifically for immunodeficiency diseases that would be responsive to thymic hormone administration. Unfortunately, since many different immunodeficiency states are characterized by abnormal circulating thymic hormone levels, neither high nor low levels are diagnostic of any specific disease entity. Furthermore, some diseases, sueh as SCID, may be associated with low serum thymic hormone aetivity but are not improved by parenteral thymic hormone administration. [Pg.279]

Cladribine has been designed to stimulate the immunodeficiency state of hereditary adenosine deaminase by causing the accumulation of deoxynucleotides in lymphocytes. Cladribine, an immunosuppressive drug, stabilizes the condition of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. [Pg.160]

Immune globulin is an immune globulin that replaces normal human IgG antibodies and promotes opsonization, fixes complement, and neutralizes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and their toxins. It is indicated in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency states in patients unable to produce sufficient amounts of IgG antibodies. [Pg.341]

E. Abnormal Immune Responses Abnormal immune responses include hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and inununodeficiency states. Immediate hypersensitivity is usually antibody-mediated and includes anaphylaxis and hemolytic disease of the newborn delayed hyptersensitiv-ity, associated with extensive tissue damage, is cell-mediated. Autoinununity arises from self-reactive lymphocytes that react to one s own molecules, or self-antigens. Examples of autoimmune diseases that are amenable to dmg treatment include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunodeficiency states may be genetically acquired (eg, Di George s syndrome) or result from extrinsic factors (eg, AIDS). [Pg.494]

With different immunodeficiency states, the sequential appearance of different diseases serves as a herald of clinical disease profession. The role of the immunocompromised state on the medical history, physical findings, and natural history of fungal infections is important. The appearance and increased frequency of rare fungal infections is observed in immunosuppressed individuals such as patients with bone marrow transplant and those infected by HIV [3]. [Pg.336]

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a benign disorder most commonly associated with CVD (particularly Sjogren s syndrome), Castleman s disease, and diverse autoimmune and immunodeficiency states (including HIV infection) (47 9). Salient CT features of LIP include GGO (100%), centrilobular nodules (86%), interlobular septal thickening (93%), thickened bronchovascular bundles (93%), air cysts (71%), lymph node enlargement (71%), architectural... [Pg.20]

LIP is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by a very prominent cellular lymphoplasmacytic interstitial infiltrate. Although it is classified as an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (3), it is rarely idiopathic and more often due to one of a variety of conditions including infections (especially Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Pneumocystis jiroveci), chronic active hepatitis, CVD such as Sjogren syndrome and SLE, drug toxicity, immunodeficiency states, and after bone marrow transplantation (21,40-53). Primary B-cell lymphomas may develop in approximately 5% of patients with LIP associated with Sjogren syndrome (54). [Pg.103]


See other pages where Immunodeficiency states is mentioned: [Pg.398]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.2245]    [Pg.2448]    [Pg.388]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.229]    [Pg.681]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.328]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.494 ]




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