Acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride copolymer

Membrane stmcture is a function of the materials used (polymer composition, molecular weight distribution, solvent system, etc) and the mode of preparation (solution viscosity, evaporation time, humidity, etc). Commonly used polymers include cellulose acetates, polyamides, polysulfones, dynels (vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers) and poly(vinyhdene fluoride). 

Dynel Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers Union Carbide... 

Kamakatsu, T, E. Fukada, and K. Shinohara Electrical conduction of heated poly(vinyl chloride)acrylonitrile copolymer. Rep. Prog. Pol. Phys., Japan 4, 317 (1964). 

Dynel Vinyl chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer Union Carbide, U.S. 

Dynel n. Vinyl chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer. Manufactured by Union Carbide, USA. 

Thermal stability measurements have been carried out on numerous other polymers including polyethylene ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer [12], polyaniline [13], ) 3 s-stilbene-N-substituted maleimides [14], cellulose [15-20], polystyrene [14, 16], ethylene-styrene copolymers [21,22], ST-DVB-based ion exchangers [23], vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers [24], polyethylene terephthalate [25], polyesters such as polyisopropylene carboxylate [26], polyglycollate [27-29], Nylon 6 [30], polypyromellitimides, poly-N-a-naphthylmaleimides [26,31], polybenzo-bis(amino-imino pyrolenes) [32], polyvinyl chloride [33-35], acrylamide-acrylate copolymers and polyacrylic anhydride [36-38], polyamides [39], amine-based polybenzo-oxazines [40], polyester hydrazides [41], poly-a-methyl styrene tricarbonyl chromimn [42], polytetrahydrofuran [43], polyhexylisocyanate [44], polyurethanes [45], ethylene-... 

Vinyhdene chloride copolymers are available as resins for extmsion, latices for coating, and resins for solvent coating. Comonomer levels range from 5 to 20 wt %. Common comonomers are vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and alkyl acrylates. The permeability of the polymer is a function of type and amount of comonomer. As the comonomer fraction of these semicrystalline copolymers is increased, the melting temperature decreases and the permeability increases. The permeability of vinylidene chloride homopolymer has not been measured. 

By copolymerising the vinylidene chloride with about 10-15% of vinyl chloride, processable polymers may be obtained which are used in the manufacture of filaments and films. These copolymers have been marketed by the Dow Company since 1940 under the trade name Saran. Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers for use as coatings of low moisture permeability are also marketed (Saran, Viclan). Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers in which the vinylidene chloride is the minor component (2-20%) were mentioned in Chapter 12. 

Poly(vinylidene chloride) (XLII) and its copolymers with vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acrylates, usually produced by the suspension or emulsion process, are useful as oil, fat, oxygen, and moisture-resistant packaging films (Saran wrap), containers, coatings, tank liners, and monofilaments in drapery fabrics and industrial filter cloths. 

Vinylidene chloride is used principally in copolymers with vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and other monomers for packaging materials, adhesives and synthetic fibres (Lewis, 1993). 

The high pressure polymerization of ethylene can be slightly modified for the copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl- and acrylic-type monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, or acrylic esters. Some of these copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate or maleic anhydride are already available and have found various applications in plastics, coatings, and adhesives. Copolymers of ethylene and vinyl chloride and of ethylene and acrylonitrile appear particularly interesting because of the low cost of monomers and the properties of the copolymers. Although their synthesis has been disclosed in a number of patents their larger scale production is still in a state of development. 

Inverse gas chromatography, IGC, has been used to study water sorption of two poly (vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride) and poly (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile) copolymers, at temperatures between 20 and 50°C and low water uptakes. It was found that the specific retention volume of water increases with decreasing amount of water injected, increases dramatically with decreasing temperature and strongly depends on the type of copolymer. Thermodynamic parameters of sorption namely free energy, entropy, enthalpy of sorption and activity coefficient were calculated. 

In this paper, the water sorption of two commercially available vinylidene chloride copolymers is studied using IGC at low probe concentrations. The copolymers are a poly (vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride) copolymer (Saran B) and a poly (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile) copolymer (Saran F). These copolymers are extensively used in the form of films, coatings, and film laminates in various industrial applications (for example, packaging of foods and pharmaceuticals) where their diffusion characteristics are of prime importance. 

Vinyl or vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymers Chlorosulphonated polyethylene, vulcanised chloroprene, chlorinated butyl rubber... 

A number of important commercial resins are manufactured by suspension polymerization, including poly(vinyl chloride) and copolymers, styrene resins [general purpose polystyrene, EPS, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), styrenic ion-exchange resins], poly(methyl methacrylate) and copolymers, and poly(vinyl acetate). However, some of these polymers rather use a mass-suspension process, in which the polymerization starts as a bulk one and, at certain conversion, water and suspending agents are added to the reactor to form a suspension and continue the polymerization in this way up to high conversions. No continuous suspension polymerization process is known to be employed on a... 

Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers are used in the manufacture of filaments. The filaments have high toughness, flexibility, durability, and chemical resistance. They find use in car upholstery, deckchair fabrics, decorative radio grilles, doll hair, filter presses, and other applications. A flame-resisting fiber said to be a 50 50 vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer is marketed by Courtaulds with the name Teklan. 

Diofan BASF Vinyl chloride—vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers... 

On account of its low thermal stability, polyfvinylidene chloride) is seldom used in paints. Vinylidene chloride copolymers with vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, or acrylates are mainly employed. These heat-sealable copolymers are efficient gas barriers and have an outstanding resistance to chemicals. They are marketed as solid resins and dispersions. Vinylidene chloride copolymers are mainly used for coating foodpackaging foils. They are also important in paint coatings where good chemical resistance is required. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, acrid fumes NFPA Health 2, Flammability 3, Reactivity 2 Uses Monomer for synthesis of nitrile rubber, PVAc emulsions, PVOH, EVA copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, PVBI, and vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile copolymers in polymerized form for plastic masses, films, lacquers, latex paints, adhesives, textile finishing, safety glass interlayers textile hand modifier binder for paper coatings esterification for food starch modified film-former in cosmetics food pkg. adhesives resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings for polyolefin films food-contact paper/paperboard, ionomeric resins, copolymers, laminates, resin-bonded filters, textiles... 

Stannous oleate Stearyl alcohol Styrene/MA copolymer Terpene resin Tetrahydrofuran Titanium dioxide Toluene Tosylamide/formaldehyde resin Triethylene glycol Urea-formaldehyde resin Vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer Vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymer Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer Zinc laurate cellophane, food-contact Aluminum stearates Ammonium tallate Hexamethoxymethylmelamine Nonoxynol-55 Nonoxynol-70... 

Other workers have reported the preparation of methyl methacrylate-styrene and methyl methacrylate-vinyl chloride block copolymers by a two stage free radical polymerization. First they prepared telomers of styrene (or vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) terminated by carbon tetrachloride. Then they heated the telomers of the desired monomers in the presence of bis-(ephedrine) copper to prepare sequential ABAB block copolymers(87). Poly(methyl methacrylate-b-acrylonitrile) was prepared by heating (CO)5Mn(CF2)2 terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) and acrylonitrile at 100 C(88) ... 

Block (or graft) copolymers have been obtained by the addition of styrene and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to acrylonitrile macroradicals, and add by the addition of methyl methacrylate or styrene to vinyl chloride macroradicalsBlock copolymers have also been produced by the addition of various vinyl monomers to styrene-maleic anhydride macroradicals (122) ... 

Fig. 13. Variation of the interaction parameter (%) with PCL contents of blends of PCL with several Saran copolymers ( ) vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, (O)vinyli-dene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, ( ) vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer data taken from [74]...

Zhang and Prud homme estimated values of the binary interaction parameters for PCL with vinylidene chloride copolymers known as Saran, that is with copolymers of vinylidene chloride with, separately, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile or vinyl acetate [74]. Interaction parameters were estimated from melting point depressions. Values obtained were found to be composition-dependent and are... 

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