Waters studies

Alper H E and R M Levy 1989. Computer Simulations of the Dielectric Properties of Water - Studies of the Simple Point-Charge and Transferable Intermolecular Potential Models. Journal of Chemical Physics 91 1242-1251. 

Transuranic Waste. Transuranic wastes (TRU) contain significant amounts (>3,700 Bq/g (100 nCi/g)) of plutonium. These wastes have accumulated from nuclear weapons production at sites such as Rocky Flats, Colorado. Experimental test of TRU disposal is planned for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site near Carlsbad, New Mexico. The geologic medium is rock salt, which has the abiUty to flow under pressure around waste containers, thus sealing them from water. Studies center on the stabiUty of stmctures and effects of small amounts of water within the repository. 

H. Nada, Y. Furukawa. Anisotropic growth kinetics of ice crystals from water studied by molecular dynamics simulation. J Cryst Growth 169 581, 1996. 

M. Petrovic (E3), C. Postigo, M.L. de Alda, A. Ginebreda, M. Gros, and J. Radjenovic Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain e-mail mpeqam cid.csic.es... 

A third aspect concerns heat loss mechanisms. Most animals lose heat either by sweating or by panting. Doubly labeled water studies in humans (Schoeller 1988 Wong et al. 1988) indicate that respiratory waters (mouth and nasal) have 5 0 values that can be 10%o to 20%o lower than sweat. Thus, animals that pant could be expected to increase their body water 5 0 compared to animals that sweat. 

The first step in a wildlife exposure assessment is to document the occurrence and persistence of a pesticide in the study area throughout the study duration. Several articles in this book describe the experimental designs and best practices to conduct field crop and environmental dissipation (air, soil and water) studies. This article presents methods to quantify spatial and temporal distributions of pesticide presence in ecosystems following normal application and resultant exposure of nontarget wildlife. 

The value of the tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato complexes [TpRR ]ZnOH is that they are rare examples of monomeric four-coordinate zinc complexes with a terminal hydroxide funtionality. Indeed, [TpBut]ZnOH is the first structurally characterized monomeric terminal hydroxide complex of zinc (149). As such, the monomeric zinc hydroxide complexes [TpRR ]ZnOH may be expected to play valuable roles as both structural and functional models for the active site of carbonic anhydrase. Although a limitation of the [TpRR ]ZnOH system resides with their poor solubility in water, studies on these complexes in organic solvents... 

Relatively few human imaging studies have evaluated the effects of marijuana or THC on metabolism or blood flow. Acute intravenous THC in both normal controls and habitual marijuana users led to increased an increased regional cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) in the cerebellum. This increase is positively correlated both with concentrations of THC in the plasma and with the intensity of the subjective sense of intoxication [5]. In a 1997 PET/[lsO]water study with 32 abusers [6], THC dose-depend-ently increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontal regions, insula... 

Sinclair, J.L. and Ghiorse, W.C., Distribution of protozoa in subsurface sediments of a pristine ground-water study site in Oklahoma, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, 1157-1163, 1987. 

In 1976-78, OCPs were detected without exception in every body of water studied in the Caucasus region (lake Sevan, the Mingechaursk Reservoir, and the Razdan, Inguri, Kura, and Rioni Rivers). DDT was found in 77.3% of samples, HCH in 96.4% and granosan in 100%. 

Department Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Diagnostic and Water Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain... 

Higo, J., Galzitskaya, O. V., Ono, S., and Nakamura, H. (2001). Energy landscape of a /3-hairpin peptide in explicit water studied by multicanonical molecular dynamics. Chem. Phys. Lett. 337, 169-175. 

Isotope Hydrology Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear techniques in ground-water hydrology, In Ground-water studies, UNESCO, Paris, Sections 10.1-10.4, 38 p., 1973. 

Subsequent work showed that a modification of the synthesis procedure produced a 10A hydrate which> if dried carefully, would maintain the interlayer water in the absence of excess water (27). This material is optimal for adsorbed water studies for a number of reasons the parent clay is a well-crystallized kaolinite with a negligible layer charge, there are few if any interlayer cations, there is no interference from pore water since the amount is minimal, and the interlayer water molecules lie between uniform layers of known structure. Thus, the hydrate provides a useful model for studying the effects of a silicate surface on interlayer water. 

The arguments presented above lead to the conclusion that the adsorption of nonionic compounds such as halogenated hydrocarbons results primarily from "hydrophobic bonding" or, perhaps more appropriately, the hydrophobic interaction (7). The thermodynamic driving force for hydrophobic interactions is the increase in entropy resulting from the removal, or decrease, in the amount of hydration water surrounding an organic solute in water. Studies have shown that the adsorption of aliphatic amines onto clays (8)... 

TSUCHIYA, Y., The Basic Research on the Causes of Odours in Water. Studies on Odorous Materials in the Water of the Pond of Taira at Miyakejima , Tokyo Toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Nempo 25 445 (1974). 

Whereas one might classify the LNG-water studies as a response to a concern that industrially sized operations might result in a large-scale spill on water with subsequent RPTs, studies of molten salt-water explosions were carried out because industrial accidents had taken place. Emphasis has been placed on events occurring in the paper industry where molten smelt is produced in recovery boilers. This smelt is primarily a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfide. In normal operations, the molten smelt is tapped from the furnace, quenched, treated, and recycled to the wood digestors. Accidents have taken place, however, when water inadvertently contacted molten smelt with severe explosions resulting. The smelt temperature is much higher than the critical point of water 1100 K compared to 647 K (see Section IV). 

There are two drinking water studies of 1,2-dibromoethane that further support the conclusion that oral exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane results in forestomach tumors in mice. 

In another drinking water study, 50 mg/kg/day 1,2-dibromoethane was used as a positive control for a study on humic acids (Van Duuren et al. 1986). Both sexes of B6C3Fi mice exposed to... 

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