High toughness

Because of its high toughness and good thermal shock resistance, test results indicate the possibility of using square-, triangular-, and diamond-shaped tools of SiAlON for machining superaHoys in the intermediate speed range (ca 150 m /min) where only round tools are used currently with other ceramics. 

Ceramic matrix composites are candidate materials for high temperature stmctural appHcations. Ceramic matrices with properties of high strength, hardness, and thermal and chemical stabiUty coupled with low density are reinforced with ceramic second phases that impart the high toughness and damage tolerance which is required of such stmctural materials. The varieties of reinforcements include particles, platelets, whiskers and continuous fibers. Placement of reinforcements within the matrix determines the isotropy of the composite properties. 

E. P. Butler, and E. R. EuUer, Jr., Ductile Coating for High Toughness Ceramic Matrix Composites," unpublished work, 1992. 

In order to obtain a finely sized dispersed phase in the PET matrix, the use of reactive compatibilization has been found to be important. Small dispersed rubber particles and a small interparticle distance are necessary to induce high toughness. For effective rubber toughening of PET, it is important that the rubber domains be less than 3 im in diameter (and preferably less than 1 xm) and that the interparticle distance be between 50-300 nm. 

Pecorini and Calvert [28] attribute the role of small particles and a small interparticle distance to inducing high toughness in PET by promoting massive shear yielding in the matrix. Their study showed that the non-reactive impact modifier gives a system in which the rubber phase is not well dispersed. It was shown that this is not effective in toughening PET at levels of either 10 or 20%. The... 

Atkins A.G. (1975). Intermittent bonding for high toughness/high strength composites. J. Mater. Sci. 10. 819-832. 

Ruble, M. and Evans, A.G. (1989). High toughness ceramics and ceramic composites. Progress in Mater. Sci. 33, 85-167. 

Ecoflex F was designed to be a strong and flexible material with mechanical properties similar to PE. The films are tear-resistant and flexible, as well as resistant to fluctuations in water and humidity. Ecoflex F is a thermoplastic and can be melt-processed on standard polyolefin equipment (see Sect. 5). It is mainly used in film applications. The very high toughness and failure energy represent product characteristics of Ecoflex F that significantly exceed the respective properties of PE films. 

Liu Y-L, Chen Y-W. Thermally reversible cross-linked polyamides with high toughness and self-repairing ability from maleimide- and furan-functionalized aromatic polyamides. Macromol Chem Phys 2007 208 224-232. 

---