Fibres synthetic

The third main class of separation methods, the use of micro-porous and non-porous membranes as semi-permeable barriers (see Figure 2c) is rapidly gaining popularity in industrial separation processes for application to difficult and highly selective separations. Membranes are usually fabricated from natural fibres, synthetic polymers, ceramics or metals, but they may also consist of liquid films. Solid membranes are fabricated into flat sheets, tubes, hollow fibres or spiral-wound sheets. For the micro-porous membranes, separation is effected by differing rates of diffusion through the pores, while for non-porous membranes, separation occurs because of differences in both the solubility in the membrane and the rate of diffusion through the membrane. Table 2 is a compilation of the more common industrial separation operations based on the use of a barrier. A more comprehensive table is given by Seader and Henley.1... 

The original definition of plastics includes several kinds of industrial products such as rubbers, man-made fibres, synthetic resins used in paints, lacquers, and adhesives. 

Fibre-reinforced concrete is a mixture of concrete with a dispersion of discontinuous fibres. The fibres may be steel fibres, synthetic fibres (micro-synthetic or macro-synthetic), glass fibres (alkali-resistant only, AR glass fibres) or natural fibres. 

Cartridge filters are used widely throu out process industries in the clarification of liquids. The media used include yams, papers, felts, binder-fi ee and resin-bonded fibres, synthetic fibres, woven wire, sintered metal powders and fibres, ceramics, etc. The inclusion of membraneous materials. Chapter 10, in cartridge constructions has extended the range of application of these ubiquitous dements so that partides firom approximate 500 pm down to 0.1 pm are separated. 

Non-woven geotextiles are fibrous sheets in which the fibres can be almost randomly orientated. These materials may be manufactured from either staple fibres (synthetic or natural) or continuous filaments of PP or PET which are randomly distributed in layers onto a moving belt to form a web of assembled fibres blends of PP and PET staple fibres are also used. 

Vijayaraaghavan, N. N., Gopalaktishnan, D. (October/December 2005). Alginate fibres. Synthetic Fibres, 4—8. 

Cotton Carbon fibre Steel wire Glas fibre Synthetic polymer ... 

The polymerization of the vinylpyridines, which occurs slowly at room temperature and more rapidly on heating, and their copolymeiization with other monomers is of technical importance in the production of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubbers, polyelectrolytes and other valuable substances. The presence of the nitrogen atom makes possible quaternizations to give products with properties different from those arising from purely carbocyclic residues " . The polymerization of 1-vinylpyridinium salts has also been studied i . ... 

Key words filament, extrusion, bi-component spinning, bi-component, biconstituent, fibres, synthetic. 

Table 8.6 Mechanical properties of natural fibre-synthetic biodegradable polymer composites... 

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