Vesicular stomatitis virus infected

The following aspects of viral glycoproteins have been reviewed glycoprotein and protein precursors to plasma membranes in vesicular stomatitis virus infected HeLa cells,membrane glycoproteins of enveloped viruses, membrane assembly, including the synthesis and intracellular processing of vesicular stomatitis virus, and the structure and replication of a-viruses. ... 

Turco, S.J. Pickard, J.L. (1982) Altered G-protein Glycosylation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-infected Glucose-deprived Baby Hamster Kidney Cells , Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257, 8674-9... 

MDDD, J.A. and SmyiMERS, D.F. Protein synthesis in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected HeLa cells. Virology,(l970), 18,... 

Centrella, M., and Lucas-Lenard, J., 1982, Regulation of protein synthesis in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected mouse L-929 cells by decreased protein synthesis initiation factor 2 activity, J. Virol. 41 781. 

Wagner, R. R., 1974, Pathogenicity and immunogenicity for mice of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, Infect. Immunol. 10 309. 

Week, P. K., and Wagner, R. R., 1979, Vesicular stomatitis virus infection reduces the number of active DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in myeloma cells, J. Biol. Chem. 254 5430. 

Wertz, G. W., 1978, Isolation of possible replicative intermediate structures from vesicular stomatitis virus infected cells. Virology 85 271. 

One experimental tool in this direction is provided by some enveloped animal viruses which mature at the cell surface of infected cells (K Sri inen and Renkonen, 1977 Lenard, 1978). Such viruses include influenza virus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). They are extremely simple in makeup and hence are very well characterized. They can be tagged with biochemical probes in many different ways. They infect many animal cells in culture, and after infection turn the cells into factories for the production of virus progeny. The protein-synthesizing machinery of the host cell is programmed by the viral RNA to make viral proteins exclusively and these include the viral surface glycoproteins. These are synthesized with signal peptides and inserted into the ER membrane (Katz et ai, 1977 Garoff et... 

Anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro and in vivo was also found in wogonin and baicalein (Fig. 4), the major active constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria radix.More recently, Blach-Olszewska et al investigated the effect of baicalein and wogonin on two important mechanisms of innate immunity The secretion of cytokines, and the natural resistance of human leukocytes to viral infection. The results obtained indicate that these fiavonoids modulate cytokine production, that is they inhibit interferons-a and -y, and stimulate tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin production. They also augment the resistance of peripheral blood leukocytes to the vesicular stomatitis virus. 

The following cell cultures and virus have shown to be suitable MDBK cells (ATCC No. CCL22), or Mouse L cells (NCTC clone 929 ATCC No. CCL I) as the cell culture and vesicular stomatitis virus VSV Indiana strain (ATCC No. VR-158) as the infective agent or human diploid fibroblast FS-71 cells responsive to interferon as the cell culture, and encephalomyocarditis virus (ATCC No. VR-129B) as the infective agent. 

Various types of adherent cells were grown on a coverslip, which was then laid on top of the LAPS chip. Measurements were made for acidification of (1) normal human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGP) or organic chemicals, and of (2) human uterine sarcoma cells as a response to doxorubicin and vincristine (chemotherapeutic drugs). In addition, the inhibition (by ribavirin) of the viral infection of murine fibroblastic L cells by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was investigated by following the acidification rate. A limitation of these studies is the requirement for a low-buffered medium (low bicarbonate content) to achieve maximum sensitivity [847]. 

See also Section 10. Carrageenan has been used for the microencapsulation of proteinsand probiotic bacteria. It has also been used as beads in the preparation of controlled release systems.Studies have shown that carrageenan compounds block infections by the herpes simplex virus human cytomegalovirus human papilloma virus Sindbis virus vesicular stomatitis virus and A combined k- and X-... 

Kahn J, Schnell MJ, Buonocore L et al (1999) Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) glycoproteins RSV fusion protein can mediate infection and cell fusion. Virology 254 81-91... 

The antiviral activity of (5)-DHPA in vivo was assessed in mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus ( 5)-DHPA significandy increased survival from the infection. (3)-DHPA did not significandy reduce DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis and is not a substrate for adenosine deaminase of either bacterial or mammalian origin. However, (5)-DHPA strongly inhibits deamination of adenosine and ara-A by adenosine deaminase. Its mode of action may be inhibition of X-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (61). Inhibition of SAH hydrolase results in the accumulation of SAH, which is a product inhibitor of 5-adenosyhnethionine-dependent methylation reactions. Such methylations are required for the maturation of vital mRNA, and hence inhibitors of SAH hydrolase may be expected to block virus replication by interference with viral mRNA methylation. 

In both procedures, a gene encoding an abundant membrane glycoprotein (G protein) from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Is Introduced Into cultured mammalian cells either by transfection or simply by Infecting the cells with the virus. The treated cells, even those that are not specialized for secretion, rapidly synthesize the VSV G protein on the ER like normal cellular secretory proteins. Use of a mutant encoding a temperature-sensitive VSV G protein allows researchers to turn subsequent protein transport on and off. At the restrictive temperature of 40 °C, newly made VSV G protein Is misfolded and therefore retained within the ER by quality control mechanisms discussed in Chapter 16, whereas at the permissive temperature of 32 C, the accumulated... 

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