Precursor protein

Biosynthesis. The biosynthesis of neuropeptides is much more complex and involves the multistep process of transcription of specific mRNA from specific genes, formation of a high molecular weight protein product by translation, post-translational processing of the protein precursor to allow for... 

Furin, also known as paired basic amino-acid-cleaving enzyme (PACE), is a membrane bound subtilisin-like serine protease of the irons Golgi compartment. It is ubiquitously expressed and mediates processing of many protein precursors at Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg sites. 

The presence of nanopartides suspended within the starch matrix would ensure continuous release of ions into the nutrient media. Copper ions released by the nanopartides may attach to the negatively charged bacterial cell wall and rupture it, thereby leading to protein denaturation and cell death [31]. The attachment of both ions and nanopartides to the cell wall caused accumulation of envelope protein precursors, which resulted in dissipation of... 

The HlV-1 protease is responsible for processing the protein precursors to the enzymes (integrase, protease and reverse transcriptase) and the structural proteins of the HIV-1 virus. Maw and Hall found that topological indices provide rehable QSAR models for the IC50 data of 32 HIV-1 protease inhibitors [29]. The best QSAR model, with r = 0.86, s=0.60 and q = 0.79, was obtained with the shape index Ka, the connechvity index the sum of HE-state indices for ah groups that act as... 

Dyrks, T., Dyrks, E., Hartmann, T., Masters, C.L. and Beyreuther, K. (1992). Amyloidogenicity of d A4 and /3 A4-bearing amyloid protein precursor fragments by metal-catalyzed oxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18210-18217. 

Spielman A., Sunavala G., Harmony J., Stuart W., et al. (1998). Identification and immunohistochemjcal localization of protein precursors to human axillary odors in apocrine glands and secretions. Arch Dermatol 134, 813-818. 

Van Nostrand W. E Schmaier A. H., Farrow J. S., Cunningham D. D. Protease nexin-0 (amyloid (3-protein precursor) A platelet a granule protein. Science 1990 248,745-8. 

Wagner SL, Munoz B. Modulation of amyloid B-protein precursor processing as a means of retarding progression of Alzheimer s disease. J Clin Invest 1999 104 1329-1332. 

Buxbaum, J. D., Thinakaran, G.,Koliatsos,V. etal. Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor in the rat hippocampus transport and processing through the perforant path. /. Neurosci. 18 9629-9637,1998. 

While the majority of attention has focused on peptides contained within the nervous system, two other important methods for delivering peptides to the vicinity of the mast cell have been established (1) peptides produced and secreted by other cells of inflammation that may affect mast-cell function and (2) the local generation of mast-cell-active peptides by secreted enzymes acting on circulating protein precursors. Examples of the former include several, as yet ill-defined, peptide factors and cationic proteins from other immunocompetent cells [66-69], defined lymphokines such as the interleukin-1 [70] and interleukin-3 [71], and tumour necrosis factor [70], Examples of the latter include bradykinin [72] and a recently identified peptide produced by the action of acid proteinases on albumin [73, 74]. 

Lu, D. C. et al. A second cytotoxic proteolytic peptide derived from amyloid beta-protein precursor. Nat. Medicine 2000, 6, 397—404. 

The aim of this study is to measure the effect of EGb 761 versus placebo on the ratio of the isoform of the protein precursor of beta amyloid platelets, in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer s disease. 

Official Title Effect of EGb 761 on the Ratio of the Isoforms of the Protein Precursor of Beta Amyloid Platelets on Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer s Disease. A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial, on Parallel Groups Versus Placebo Primary Outcome Measures Effect of EGb 761 on the ratio of the isoform of the protein precursor of beta amyloid platelets Secondary Outcome Measures Efficacy of EGb 761 on the cognitive functions and safety of EGb 761 at a dosage of 240 mg per day Total Enrollment 40 Study Start July 2005... 

All entries of Table 2.1 belong to samples representing the animal kingdom. In order to demonstrate the generality of peptidome concept we analyzed the extract of Avenasativa oat acrospires [34]. Table 2.2 provides the list of peptides found in that plant as well as their tentative protein precursors. Peptide formation in this case seems somewhat less intensive and on the average the peptides are longer than in animal samples. We consider this result as a proof of peptidome formation in plants. Still peptidomics of plants is apparently in its embryonic state and more results are expected in the near future. Procaryotes are not yet studied for generation of peptide pools. 

Sequence Protein precursor Activity Tumor Normal fibroblasts fibroblasts ... 

The generation from peptides, peptide derivatives, and protein precursors 680... 

Yoshikai, S., Sasaki, H., Doh-ura, K., Furuya, H., Sakaki, Y. (1990) Genomic organization of the human amyloid beta-protein precursor gene. Gene, 87, 257-263. 

Tanzi, R.E., Vania, G., Romano, D.M., et al. (1992) Assessment of amyloid beta-protein precursor protein gene mutations in a large set of familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease cases. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 51, 273-282. 

Suzuki, N., Cheung, T.T., Cai, X.-D., et al. (1994) An increased percentage of long amyloid beta protein secreted by fanrUial amyloid beta protein precursor (beta-APP-717) mutants. Science, 264,1336-1340. 

This enzyme [EC 3.4.21.89], also known as signal peptidase I and phage-procoat-leader peptidase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-terminal leader sequences from secreted and periplasmic protein precursors. It acts on a single bond Ala-Ala in the m-13 phage procoat protein and creates the signal (leader) peptide and coat protein. It is a member of the peptidase family S26 but is unaffected by inhibitors of most serine peptidases. 

This calcium-activated enzyme [EC 3.4.21.75] catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in protein precursors that results in the release of mature proteins from their proproteins by hydrolysis of ArgXaaYaaArg—Zaa bonds, where Xaa can be any amino acid and Yaa is an arginyl or a lysyl residue. Albumin, complement component C3, and von Willebrand factor are thus released from their respective precursors. Furin is a member of the peptidase family S8. 

Golden RN, Morris JE, Sack DA Combined lithium-tricyclic treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 23 181-185, 1988 Goldenberg G, Lang W, Podreka 1, et al Are cognitive deficits in Parkinson s disease caused by frontal lobe dysfunction Journal of Psychophysiology 4 137-144, 1990 Goldgaber D, Harris HW, Hla T Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86 7606-7610, 1989... 

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