Probiotics bacteria

Massi M., loan P., Budriesi R., Chiarini A., Vitali B., Lammers K.M., Gionchetti P., Campieri M., Lembo A. and Brigidi P. (2006). Effects of probiotic bacteria on gastrointestinal motility in guinea-pig isolated tissue . World J Gastroenterol, 7,12(37),... 

Figure 5.2 Therapeutic interventions for decreasing colorectal mucosal bile acid exposure as a CRC chemoprevention strategy. 1) Lifestyle modifications including reduction in dietary animal fat and increased fibre intake may, at least partly, be explained by reduction in luminal primary (cholic acid [CA] and chenodeoxycholic acid [CDCA]) and secondary (deoxycholic acid [DCA] and lithocholic acid [LCA]) bile acids. 2) Reduction of secondary bile acids, which are believed to have pro-carcinogenic activity could be obtained by decreased bacterial conversion from primary bile acids. 3) Alternatively, bile acids could be sequestered by chemical binding agents, e.g. aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or probiotic bacteria. 4) Exogenous ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can reduce the luminal proportion of secondary bile acids and also has direct anti-neoplastic activity on colonocytes in vitro.

Alternative potential strategies for reduction of mucosal secondary bile acid exposure are to target deconjugation of glycine/taurine bile salts by bacterial bile salt hydrolases and/or bacterial 7-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. Sequestration of bile acids in the intestinal lumen using probiotic bacteria has also been proposed as an area for future research. ... 

Probiotic bacteria for infectious and antibiotic-associated diarrhea... 

Role of Probiotic Bacteria in the Prevention of Food Allergy...78... 

Undemutrition during fetal and early life impacts upon the development of the immune organs and appears to diminish cellular immunity and increase the risk of atopic disorders during childhood (Langley-Evans and Carrington 2006). The references confirm that many food components have a beneficial impact on various elements of the immune system. Proteins, some fats, vitamins (A, B6, E, and folic acid), macro- and microelements (zinc, iron, selenium, and copper), and certain bacteria (probiotic bacteria), for example, have a considerable effect on the immune system. 

Probiotic bacteria are an important group of microorganisms, as they have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract and, consequently, the immune system (GALT)... 

Through changes in the precursor cells ThO and diminished secretion of the major cytokine, i.e., IL-4, by Th2 cells, probiotic bacteria facilitate maintaining proper proportions between subgroups of Thl and Th2 lymphocytes... 

Sanders, M.E. 2000. Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health. J Nutr 130 384S-390S. 

Probiotic bacteria may counteract the inflammatory process by stabilizing the microbial environment of gut and permeability barrier of intestine, but the underlying mechanisms are still not completely discovered. It has in fact been demonstrated by Salminen et al. (1998) that probiotics participate in the exclusion of pathogens thereby preventing the generation of inflammatory mediators by intraluminal bacteria. 

Matsuzaki, T. and Chin, J. 2000. Modulating immune responses with probiotic bacteria. Immunol Cell Biol 78 67-73. 

Nagy, A., Jgdrychowski, L., Gelencser, E., Wroblewska, B., Szymkiewicz, A. 2005b. Induction of specific mucosal immune responses by viable or heat denatured probiotic bacteria of Lactobacillus strains. Acta Alimentaria 34 33-39. 

ROLE OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA IN THE PREVENTION OF FOOD ALLERGY... 

Using the ELISA (with avidin-biotin bridges) and ELISPOT methods a stimulating effect of selected probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium longum, B animalis, Lactobacillus easel, L. salivarius) on the immune system of the rat and mouse has been demonstrated (higher level of specific as well as total IgGa and IgA content) (Nagy et al., 2002). 

Further studies have shown that pretreatment of epithelial monolayers with probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus... 

Probiotic bacteria regulate mucosal immune responses through induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-p, while decreasing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IFN-y (Corr et al., 2007a Di Giacinto et al., 2005 Silva et al., 2004). B. breve and Streptococcus thermophilus secrete metabolites which inhibit LPS-induced TNF-a secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) monolayers (Menard et al., 2004). We demonstrated a significant reduction in interleukin-8 (IL-8) and an increase in IL-10 cytokines secreted from epithelial cells following pretreatment with probiotics... 

Jijon, H., Backer, J., Diaz, H., Yeung, H., Theil, D., McKaigney, C., DeSimone, C., and Madsen, K. (2004). DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function. Gastroenterology 126,1358-1373. 

Madsen, K., Cornish, A., Soper, P., McKaigney, C., Jijon, H., Yachimec, C., Doyle, J., Jewell, L., and DeSimone, C. (2001). Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function. Gastroenterology 121(3), 580-591. 

Talwalkar A, Kailasapathy K (2004) The role of oxygen in the viability of probiotic bacteria with reference to L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 5 1-8... 

Probiotics have attracted interest because they have a role in the health status of individuals, particularly in improving gut health (Saarela et al. 2002). There are many strains of probiotic bacteria, with varying susceptibilities to acid, heat and oxygen. 

Sultana, K., Godward, G., Reynolds, N., Animugaswamy, R., Peiris, P., and Kailasapathy, K. (2000). Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate-starch and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in yoghurt. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 62,47 55. 

See also Section 10. Carrageenan has been used for the microencapsulation of proteinsand probiotic bacteria. It has also been used as beads in the preparation of controlled release systems.Studies have shown that carrageenan compounds block infections by the herpes simplex virus human cytomegalovirus human papilloma virus Sindbis virus vesicular stomatitis virus and A combined k- and X-... 

Kailasapathy K. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria technology and potential applications. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2002 3(2) 39-48. 

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