Treatments volumes

S. A. Holditch, H. Xiong, Z. Rahim, and J. Rueda. Using an expert system to select the optimal fracturing fluid and treatment volume. In Proceedings Volume, pages 515-527. SPE Gas Technol Symp (Calgary, Canada, 6/28-6/30), 1993. 

Average treatment volume was 600 gallons. All fluids contained 1% (by volume) of water wetting non-emulsifier. The treatments utilizing a cationic organic polymer included the polymer in all aqueous based fluids. The reported polymer concentration of one percent by volume of the aqueous polymer solution as supplied. Active polymer concentration is actually less than this. When the clay stabilization polymer was part of the well treatment, a non-ionic water wetting nonemulsifier was used. 

Prognosis of natural gas treatment volume andNOx emissions (Bashkin etal., 2002). 

This study is very similar in design to that described previously for rabbits, with the following (sometimes obvious) exceptions. Mature ovariectomized female rats can be obtained from a commercial breeder. A 15% surplus should be obtained. Ten animals per group should be used (40 total for the study). The vaginal catheter is placed to a depth of approximately 2.5 cm and the treatment volume should be 0.2 ml. 

Most field equipment used at remediation sites has a lifetime substantially longer than the length of the project where it is used. When the total cost of new equipment is included in the project, the unit treatment cost increases substantially as the time of treatment decreases. Two solutions to this dilemma are common either lease the equipment or use the equipment on several different projects. Both of these options require the equipment to be of some treatment volume rate such that it can be readily applied to another treatment train, and also that it can be portable. If the designer cannot locate lease equipment, or if there is only one project on which to use the equipment, cost calculations should include a salvage value for the equipment. 

Rozman etal. (1997a) treated rubberwood by impregnation with a methanolic solution of TMPS for 24 hours, followed by curing at 110°C for 5 hours. No solvent extraction was employed after treatment. Volume increases due to treatment were considerably lower than predicted theoretically, showing that little cell wall penetration had occurred. ASE measurements were made over two cycles, and it was found that ASE increased in the second cycle. This odd behaviour was not explained and the experimental details for ASE determination were not given. 

Film No. Polyimide Doped Treatment Volume Resist, (ohm cm) Volume Dielectrig Constant Air-Side a Resist. (ohm)... 

At a former manufacturing facility in Skokie, Illinois, the initial phase of treatment required 1775 MWh of electrical energy purchased at a base rate of 14,000 per month, plus a use rate of 40/MWh. Total electrical costs for the initial phase were 148,000, or approximately 6.41/m of treatment volume (D19290Z, p. 2). According to the vendor, the full-scale application of the technology at this site cost approximately 32/yd of soil treated (D189681, p. 6). For additional information, see Case Study 4. 

There are many variables associated with estimating the cost of perchlorate contamination. For many commercially available systems, cost data is estimated based on pilot- or bench-scale tests. These estimates may not include secondary contaminant disposal costs or other costs of operation. Costs are also likely to vary considerably based on site-specific conditions such as contaminant concentrations, additional contamination, treatment volumes, and treatment rates. 

A. Atkinson. Diffusion in ceramics. In R.W. Cahn, P. Haasen, and E. Kramer, editors, Materials Science and Technology-A Comprehensive Treatment, volume 11, pages 295-337, Wienheim, Germany, 1994. VCH Publishers. 

The results obtained should also be used to calculate and confirm the cooling system volume, rate of evaporation, and cycles of concentration. Quite often the results show that the initial site-data information obtained, and subsequent proposals for water treatment volumes and costs, bear little resemblance to actual practice. If this is the case, the earlier that the buyer and engineering manager are aware of the situation, the better. However, it is incumbent on the field service engineer to devise a plan to minimize the cost and control effects associated with the new position. 

Stabilization pond Relatively shallow body of wastewater contained in an earthen basin used for secondary biological treatment. Volume 2(7). 

Finnis, M.W. and Ruhle, M., (1993), Structures of interfaces in crystalline solids , in Cahn, R.W., Haasen, P. and Kramer, E.J., (eds), Materials Science and Technology A Comprehensive Treatment, Volume 1 Structure of Solids, New York, VCH Publishers, 533-605. 

Chemical Sensitivity Tools for Diagnosis and Methods of Treatment, Volume IV... 

Treatment Volume Fluid Pellet Fluid Pellet... 

TABLE 9.2 Tissue Treatment Volume as a Function of Tissue Elimination Half-Life... 

Tissue treatment volumes of the substance being infused are a strong function of the tissue elimination half-life, which reflects the sum of both metabolic and micro vascular tissue clearances. Table 9.2 summarizes how this treatment volume and associated penetration distance varies with the characteristic tissue elimination half-life of the infused species. Various elimination half-lives were used for these simulations and an infusion rate of 3 pL/min into brain for 12 hours was assumed. For the extreme case of a macromolecule undergoing no metabolism, the treatment volume is 27 cm, with a penetration distance of 1.9 cm. For a more realistic tissue elimination half-life, as might be encountered with weakly binding monoclonal antibodies or stabilized analogs of somatostatin or enkephalin peptides, this volume and the distance, respectively, decrease only to 14 cm and 1.5 cm. 

When the elimination half-life drops to 1 hour, as is characteristic of the rates encountered with nerve growth factor or stabilized analogs of substance P peptide or glucocerebrosidase enzyme, the treatment volume decreases to 2.7 cm, with a penetration distance of 0.9 cm. In a rapid metabolism situation, when the elimination half-life decreases to just 10 minutes, as expected for substances such as native somatostatin, enkephalin, and substance P, the treatment volume diminishes to only 0.5 cm. However, the penetration distance is still 0.5 cm and still in excess of the penetration distances encountered with modes of delivery depending on diffusional transport across tissue interfaces. Finally, it should be noted that these penetration distances, computed here for a volumetric infusion rate of 3 pL/min, will decrease with decreases in the flow rate only as the cube root of the reduction factor (cf. Equation 9.24). For example, there will be only a 30% decrease in penetration distance for a 3-fold drop in flow rate to 1 pL/ min. 

There are rapid fluctuations in water treatment volume as well as water quality. Thus sterilization equipment must be flexible. 

Fig. 5.8 Tumor growth index (post-treatment volume divided by initial volume) for athymic mice implanted with 14-15 mm established s.c. MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenografts (A) or 10 mm non-established s.c. MDA-MB-468 breast cancer xenografts (B) at selected times (days) following treatment with five weekly s.c. doses of...

Figure 12. Treatment planning for PDT. This example is for interstitial treatment of prostate cancer, using multiple cylindrical diffusing fiber sources. The treatment volume is defined by trans-rectal ultrasound, (a) light fluence (rate) distribution for five fibers at specific locations and with equal power to each fiber, (b) corresponding threshold-dose boundary, (c) treatment boundary with the light fluences from each fiber adjusted to reduce the dose to the urethra. (Images courtesy CADMIT Inc, Canada).

The total treatment costs for the ISEE system, which removed 200 g of hexavalent chromium from 16yd of soil, are estimated to be 1800 per cubic meter. The estimate will vary depending on cleanup goals, soil type, treatment volume, and system design changes. Economic data indicate that soil remediation costs are very high, perhaps because the system demonstrated stUl requires significant improvements. 

WDA Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention by Preservative Treatments, Volume II... 

Many factors are taken into consideration when determining the activity to use for an individual patient. The formulae above have been clinically verified in more than 1000 patients over the past 10 years. However, there are limitations to using the MIRD convention. It is not the case that microspheres are uniformly deposited in the treatment volume, in fact from the preclinical and human clinical data it is very much the opposite. However, the MIRD formulae do enable microspheres to develop confidence in the range of activity that is suggested by these conventions, and must use their experience, skill and collaborative medical expertise to choose the most appropriate activity for a particular patient. 

SPH operations began on June 4,1998. Within 60 days, temperatures throughout the entire 24,000 cubic yard treatment volume had reached the boiling point of water. With another 70 days of heating, separate phase DNAPL had been removed and TCE/TCA ground-water concentrations reduced to below flie risk based target cleanup levels. Cleanup results... 

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