Cationic organic polymer

Advances in clay-bearing formation treatment have led to the development of numerous clay-stabilizing treatments and additives. Most additives used are high-molecular-weight cationic organic polymers. However, it has been shown that these stabilizers are less effective in low-permeability formations [834]. 

Cationic Organic Polymer Formation Damage Control Chemicals... 

Average treatment volume was 600 gallons. All fluids contained 1% (by volume) of water wetting non-emulsifier. The treatments utilizing a cationic organic polymer included the polymer in all aqueous based fluids. The reported polymer concentration of one percent by volume of the aqueous polymer solution as supplied. Active polymer concentration is actually less than this. When the clay stabilization polymer was part of the well treatment, a non-ionic water wetting nonemulsifier was used. 

A corrosion inhibitor was present in all acid fluids. Eight of the well treatments incorporated a cationic organic polymer mineral fines stabilizer in the first three treatment stages. The active polymer concentration was less than the reported aqueous polymer concentration of one percent (by volume). Again, this was because the polymer was not supplied as a 100% active product. 

Production was monitored for 4-6 months after the stimulation treatments. Total oil production from the twelve wells treated without the polymeric mineral fines stabilizer (1100 bbl/day) was decreasing at a rate of 0.13%/day while the produced water oil ratio remained fairly constant. The eight wells treated using the cationic organic polymer mineral fines stabilizer exhibited a total oil production of 7700 bbl/day which was increasing at a rate of... 

The papermaker of today uses a wide variety of organic polymers to do such things as improve fibre and fines retention, to aid filler retention, or to aid the retention of papermaking dyes. Thus in the example given above the use of a positively charged or cationic organic polymer could be used in place of alum. Anionic polymers are also used in combination with other polymers. 

Removal of colloidal silica by flocculation with cationic organic polymers is involved in other aspects of water treatment. The chemistry of flocculation is covered in Chapter 4. 

Significant electrical conduction in PPy chains needs the presence of a dopant, the counter anion to the cationic organic polymer chain, and therefore an integral part of the structure. The term dopant is perhaps unfortunate since, in contrast to polyaniline where the conductivity is determined by the amoimt of acid dopant in the polymer, the level of anion present in PPy is not discretionary and cannot be varied by physical means, only by (electro)cbemical reaction. It seems that PPy films with different anions, but otherwise similar, have different electrical and mechanical properties (7, 10), and it is therefore reasonable to eiqrect that the dopant will have an effect on the thermal and environmental stability. 

Three main types of composites can be formed when the layered clay is incorporated with a polymer, as shown in Figure 2 (Alexandre and Dubois, 2000). Types of composites formed mostly depend on the nature of the components used (layered silicate, organic cation and polymer matrix) and the method of preparation. 

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