Technology solutions

Market Access. Technology organizations must understand the value chain, ie, the sources of demand for the firm s products and services the technologies used by customers, learned through a vibrant appHcations development effort and the ways ia which technological solutions can affect demand. This overall effort requires close contact with the firm s marketing function and with customers ia their markets, so that technologies and markets can be matched. 

Authors are designed row sensitive and selective test-systems for analysis of heavy metals, active chlorine, phenols, nitrates, nitrites, phosphate etc. for analysis of objects of an environment and for control of ions Ee contents in the technological solutions of KH PO, as well as for testing some of pharmacological psychotropic daigs alkaloids (including opiates), cannabis as well as pharmaceutical preparations of phenothiazines, barbiturates and 1,4-benzodiazepines series too. 

The technological control strategies are related back to Fig. 23-1. If the hazard is the result of elevated concentrations, then the technological solution is to reduce or remove the sources or dilute or remove the agent. 

Figure 2.5 Possible technological solutions to bioprocess problems a) Fed-batch culture b) Continuous product removal (eg dialysis, vacuum fermentation, solvent extraction, ion exchange etc) c) Two-phase system combined with extractive fermentation (liquid-impelled loop reactor) d) Continuous culture, internal multi-stage reactor e) Continuous culture, dual-stream multi-stage reactor f) Continuous culture with biomass feedback (cell recycling). (See text for further details).

Change the environment. We are used to solving environmental problems by relatively simple interventions adding fertilisers, pesticides and water. However, it is much more difficult to remove an excess than it is to supplement a deficiency. A technological solution to the salinity problem has many possibilities but all are costly. In the case of staple foods then either their market value (commercial) or the resources of their consumers (subsistence) precludes such a solution. 

Another important task will be to provide society with professional guidance and advice about the feasibility and merit of proposed technological solutions. It is our duty to point out when proposed processes create unrealistic expectations. An example of such guidance is the recent article by Shinnar [6] that motivated a discussion of the feasibility of use of hydrogen fuel cells in automobiles. 

The writing of this book was undertaken because it was intended to be the first work that solely focuses on chemistry, and what appropriate metrics for Green Chemistry might be. We hope the book provides an up-to-date and authoritative text on the current development of environmental concepts in chemical technologies from clean and green to sustainable development. We also think it provides up-to-date information on the problems of metrics fundamental aspects of metrics, practical realisations and real-world case study examples. The concepts and approaches of metrics are related to the fundamental problems in chemistry and the main focus is on the use of metrics to promote the development and implementation of green chemistry and technology solutions. 

We must redouble our efforts to address these issues and concerns and commit to investing in the technological solutions that will be required to ensure the future of the industry. I look forward to working with you to do so. Thank you. 

The other limit is the problem of temperature measurements. Classical temperature sensors could be avoided in relation to power level. Hence, temperature measurements will be distorted by strong electric currents induced inside the metallic wires insuring connection of temperature sensor. The technological solution is the optical fiber thermometers [35-39]. However, measurements are limited below 250 °C. For higher values, surface temperature can be estimated by infrared camera or pyrometer [38, 40], However, due to volumic character of microwave heating, surface temperatures are often inferior to core temperatures. 

Both the suppliers and the appliance manufacturers have to co-operate closely in order to determine the next decades requirements and technological solutions in order to stand a chance to hold up their unique market position. 

Further investigations proved an assumption stated before, concerning destruction of cyanide complexes and cyanide ions under the action of nonequilibrium plasma [5], A number of experiments on destructing cyanide ions were conducted both in model solutions and technological solutions containing complex cyanides of various metals (composition of the solutions is given in Table 1.). 

Fig. 2(b) represents similar dependencies for technological solutions. Solutions were obtained by means of cyanidation of specified quantities of one metal (Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, curves l -6 ), or the ore concentrate containing all the above stated metals (curve 7 ). Figures prove that process of cyanide destruction is determined by the time of plasma action on the solution. For technological solutions, time of treatment required for complete destruction of cyanide ions depends on composition of the solution. The more complex is the composition, the longer time is required for complete degradation of cyanides. Character of the curves is changed as well. 

In the event of technological solutions, curves of cyanide destruction have horizontal sections which occurrence is caused by various speed of degradation of free cyanide and cyanide, combined in complex with metal. 

Plasma-chemical sample preparation allows breaking-up of cyanide compounds to non-toxic forms, which may be used for purification of technological solutions and galvanic production wastewaters, posing hazard to people s health in the event they are purposely used by terrorists. 

When there are more conversions available that are mutually compatible, process technological solutions (e.g., membranes) can further fully exploit low-energy cascade-type reaction sequences (instead of the other way around - non-compatible conversion steps will always demand high separation costs). 

It is worth noting that attacks may come from either outside or within the system (i.e., from an insider), and that network intrusion detection systems may be more applicable for detecting patterns of suspicious activity from inside a facility (i.e., accessing sensitive data, etc.) than are other information technology solutions. 

Figure ES-3 is a block diagram of the General Atomics Technology Solution (GATS). The primary treatment destroys the agent and the energetic materials by hydrolysis with caustic or water. The hydrolysis products (hydrolysates) require further treatment before final disposal. For this secondary step, General Atomics proposes to use a vertical cylindrical configuration SCWO reactor. The following major operations are included ...

Safety issues, low or inexistent NOx emissions, injectors requirements, adequate compression ratios, system design and appropriate use of materials to avoid problems such as hydrogen embrittlement and chemical attacks are part of the technological solutions incorporated in the Alset fully engineered System. 

Scott White s Center for Advanced Medicine in Temple, Texas, is the first comprehensive, all-digital healthcare facility in the United States and opened in 2005 with the assistance of MED, as well as many other Siemens divisions. A truly integrated hospital, Scott White will utilize Siemens healthcare information technology solutions for patient monitoring and for connecting all hospital departments to allow more... 

In the last case, the use of standard silicon microelectronics technology allow the possibility for integration of optical, fluidics and electrical functions on a single optical sensing circuit leading to a complete lab-on-a-chip technological solution. With this sensor a detection limit in the femtomole range is achievable in a direct format. 

H. van den Berg, Process Technology Solutions, in Better Processes for Better Products, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry, Brugge, ed. M. Gough, BHR Group Etd, Cranfield, 2001. 

A good design should match a market opportunity with one or more potential technological solutions that can be investigated and explored. Eor instance, in the case of a clear Tupperware box, what plastic materials are currently in use, and what other plastic materials available are transparent. What are the reasons that some plastics are transparent and some are opaque, and what is the role of the molecular structure and what is the role of blending and additives Can we modify the current material to make it transparent, and yet retain the other desired properties (what are they) Can we find a different material that would do a better job ... 

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