Cascade energy

The turbulent energy, extracted from the mean flow, passes through the energy cascade and is ultimately converted into internal energy by viscous dissipation. 

Figure 4.9. Sketch of CSTR representation of the SR model for 1 < Sc. Each wavenumber band is assumed to be well mixed in the sense that it can be represented by a single variable

Meneveau, C. and J. Katz (2000). On the Lagrangian nature of the turbulence energy cascade. 

When there are more conversions available that are mutually compatible, process technological solutions (e.g., membranes) can further fully exploit low-energy cascade-type reaction sequences (instead of the other way around - non-compatible conversion steps will always demand high separation costs). 

Specifically, in the first step of the energy cascade, the light is captured by the DVB dimer located in the core of the complex. The energy is then transferred to peripherally located bilins (MBV, PCB 158) through a complex network of interactions that, owing to the very similar timescales and spectral features, are hard to separate. Probably, energy migration from DBV bilins to the MBV bilins occurs on a timescale (T) 0.6 ps) faster than the transfer... 

Fig. 4. Schematic formula of the multicomponent system and its energy levels. Due to the energy cascade process, the electronic energy can be transferred from the excited anthracene to the osmium acceptor (green) via the ruthenium moiety 43).

Leonard, A. (1974), On the energy cascade in large-eddy simulations of turbulent flows, Adv. Geophys. A., 18, 237. 

Figure 4.6 Budget of large-eddy simulation SGS kinetic energy normalized by friction velocity and canopy height energy cascade from resolved flow (solid line) viscous dissipation (long dash line) transfer of SGS energy to wakes (thin solid line) diffusion by resolved and SGS motions (short dash line). (From Shaw and Patton, 2003 [578]).

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