Information technology solutions industry

There has been a move toward so-called "open systems" and more specifically Open Control Systems (OCSs) since the early 1990s. There are many different definitions of "open", but members of the control and information technology (IT) industry would broadly define "openness" as the ease with which different systems and sets of data can be integrated to provide a cohesive and encompassing solution. This combination of systems and data can broadly be defined as "open applications", with no inherent implication on where the specific application is executed. 

Implementing this level of automation intelligence has been the most difficult to realize within manufacturing industries. That is, while automation controls integration of simple univariate instruments (e.g., a hlter photometer) is seamless, it is much more problematic for multivariate or spectral instruments. This is due to the tower of babble problem with various process spectroscopic instraments across process instrument manufactures. That is, the communications protocols, wavelength units and hie formats are far from standardized across spectral instruments, even within a particular class of techniques such as vibrational spectroscopy. Several information technology (IT) and automation companies have recently attempted to develop commercialized solutions to address this complex problem, but the effectiveness of these solutions has yet to be determined and reported. 

Information technology The existing 2D drawings and the lack of construction process information have been identified as problems in hazard identification. The use of visualization approaches can provide a potential solution (Chun et al. 2012). Nevertheless, some stakeholders in the industry are not convinced of the impact of implementing technology on the success of a project and they adopt IT at a slow pace (Evia 2011). 

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