Better Processing

Plastic additives manufacturer, Clariant, is running field tests with packaging converters using polylactic acid polymers for its CESA-extend masterbatch. The aim of the new additive is to improve 

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Nylon 6 and 6/6 possess the maximum stiffness, strength, and heat resistance of all the types of nylon. Type 6/6 has a higher melt temperature, whereas type 6 has a higher impact resistance and better processibility. At a sacrifice in stiffness and heat resistance, the higher analogs of nylon are useful primarily for improved chemical resistance in certain environments (acids, bases, and zinc chloride solutions) and for lower moisture absorption. 

The combination of better processing to give smaller flaws with alloying to improve toughness is a major advance in ceramic technology. The potential, not yet fully realised, appears to be enormous. Table 19.1 lists some of the areas in which ceramics have, or may soon replace other materials. 

An improving capability of plastics due to the appearance of new materials, improved qualities with existing types and better processing equipment. 

Better process control and stability because the plenum covers 60% of the bundle fece area, reducing the effects of sun, rain, and hail. 

All of these points contribute to a better process economy than the classical process offers. UOP estimates the cost of a plant (50,000 t/a LAB capacity) with Pacol plant, DeH-9 as catalyst, DeFine- and Detal step at around 45 million. Compared to the first plants with similiar capacities of the early 1980s, in which... 

Green chemistry also calls for design for biodegradable end products, principally, by employing chemicals from renewable sources, and dictates the use of real-time, on-line analysis for better process control. 

The pitfalls of a computer model are obvious in that it is only a conceptual representation of the reactor and includes only as many aspects of the real reactor as present knowledge permits. In addition, even the most perfectly conceived description will still depend upon the accuracy of the physically measured constants used in the model for the quality of the process representation. The goal of this report is, however, only to show conceptual trends and the technological base is developed to the extent that the conceptual trends will be correct. In some respects the computer model is a better process development tool than the pilot plant used for the LDPE process since the pilot reactor does not yield directly scaleable information. The reader should take care to direct his attention to the trend information and conceptual differences developed in this work very little attention should be paid to the absolute values of the parameters given. 

Developing better processes for deposition and coating of thin films. An integrated circuit, in essence, is a series of electrically coimected thin films. Thin films are the key stractural feature of recording media and optical fibers, as well. 

A study on the effectiveness of the E-plastomers as impact modifiers for iPP was carried out in relation to the traditional modifier EPDM. In this study, the flow properties of the E-plastomer-iPP and EPDM-PP blends were also evaluated. The blends were analyzed by solid-state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, microscopy (SEM), and DSC. The results showed that E-plastomer-PP and EPDM-PP blends present a similar crystallization behavior, which resulted in a similar mechanical performance of the blends. However, the E-plastomer-PP blend presents lower torque values than the EPDM-PP blend, which indicates a better processibility when E-plastomer is used as an impact modifier for iPP. 

A considerable amount of work has already been successfully carried out in HASETRI with naturally occurring oils as eco-friendly process oils in conventional tire recipes [31,32]. These naturally occurring oils were found to be suitable on the basis of low PCA content. Some of the naturally occurring oils showed better processing properties, polymer-filler interaction, and dispersion properties in NR-based truck tire tread cap compound and hence better mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. As the presently available low PCA oil in the market in the form of MES TDAE and naphthenic oil are comparatively costly, these natural oils can act as the best alternative processing aids for the elastomer industry, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. 

Process engineering experiments intended to provide better process understanding. 

Actual development of intelligent batch process control systems, for lab, pilot plant, and plant, based on better process understanding and better instruments. 

M. Gough, (ed.), Better Processes for Better Products , BHR Publishing, Cranfield, 2001. 

For transesterification/esterfication, continuous reactors may be more attractive than batch reactors. This is particularly true if a distillation-column reactor can be adopted, as it tends to use a much lower ratio of reactants to drive the reaction to the desired degree of conversion, entailing lower energy lost. Even when metal alcoholates are used these can be recycled, eliminating problems faced in batch plants. Relative process costs may well approach 50% of those in batch plants. Higher purity, less plant down time, better process control, and improved yield are other attractive features of continuous plants (Braithwate, 1995). 

The defense against this type of accident is to prevent the accident in the first place. Inherent safety, described in chapter 1, is the first line of defense. The second line of defense is better process control. A major effort is always directed toward controlling the process within safe operating regions. Dangerous high-pressure excursions must be prevented or minimized. 

One defense against runaway reactions is better process control. Using the system illustrated in Figure 8-6, what control features (safeguards) would you add to this reactor system ... 

Indeed, exposure of the vinylcyclobutanone 67 to acid produces the perhydro-azulene skeleton 68 as summarized in Eq. 78 112). With more ready access to the types of substituted cyclobutanones required for this lateral cyclopentannulation (see substitutive spiroannulation), milder conditions and thus better processes will probably ultimately be developed. 

Simulation Sciences Inc. (1989). DATACON A Critical Link to Better Process Monitoring, Control and Analysis. Simulation Sciences Inc., Houston, TX. 

Unlike both the petrochemical and fermentation industries [1, 2], stoichiometric synthesis has for many years been a satisfactory tool for the preparation of molecules for application in life science industries. In recent years, however, the timely introduction of bio- and chemocatalysis has allowed organic synthesis in the fine chemical industry to meet both higher demands in molecular complexity of its products and a better process efficiency. 

SSP of recycled PET (RPET) can be performed as either a continuous or a batch process. A continuous SSP offers a constant and overall higher productivity, as well as a more consistent product treatment, lower operating costs [117] and better process integration with a downstream manufacturing process. A batch SSP offers a larger degree of flexibility for small-scale operations with a large variation of raw material and final product specifications. 

PEI/PC alloys, including glass-filled grades, may provide a cost-competitive alternative to glass-filled PEI with a better processability, provided the designer accepts the decrease in performances. 

The homogeneous glass, in which a few percent of alumina is added for better processing, is prepared from a melt at 1300-1500°C (Schnabel 1976) or 1000-1200°C/1450 C (McMillan 1980). It is important for the properties that the melt is as homogeneous as possible. Schnabel (1976,1978) produced glass capillaries or hollow fibers directly from the glass melt at a viscosity of 10 P. The phase separation was carried out by heat treatment between 500-800°C. 

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