Problem avoidance

Odom, D., and DtiBose, G. H. (1991). "Preventing Indoor Ar Quality Problems in Hot, Humid Climates Problem Avoidance Guidelines. Denver, CO CH2M Hill, in cooperation with the Disney Development Company. 

Electrochemical processes are particularly well suited for the manufacture of fine chemicals in view of their high sjjecificity (almost comparable to that offered by enzymes), the smaller number of steps required, adoption of milder conditions, lack of scale-up problems, avoidance of effluents, etc. The ease with which oxidation and/or reduction can be carried out with the practically mass-free clean electrons makes electrochemical processes well suited for such jobs, including paired synthesis in effect, we use electricity as a reagent . Consider a standard chemical oxidant like manganic or chromic sulphate. Here, a stoichiometric amount of the reduced salt will be formed the disposal of which can be a serious problem. If we adopt an electrochemical process, then the reduced salt is converted into the desired oxidized salt. 

To circumvent this problem avoiding such inefficient exploration of the configurational space, several methods have emerged. Two particularly useful approaches are the Umbrella Sampling and the Statistical Perturbation Theory. Both methods can be used either with Monte Carlo or with Molecular Dynamics simulations. 

Test failures should be considered as useful events during validation exercises. The more failures detected during the validation, the more problems avoided during the future routine work. 

Major causes for coating failure are surface cracking and undetected pinholes or voids. These can be repaired and serious problems avoided. Coatings generally fail in different modes, these are chemical failure, abrasion failure, adhesive failure, cohesive failure and undercoat corrosion. For performance evaluation of coatings on experimental basis on these parameters various ASTM and BS specifications are presently being used. 

The considerable progress made in the studies of simple bimolecular reactions (which has led to such fundamental conclusions) was achieved by a more rigorous mathematical treatment of the problem, avoiding the use of the simplest approximations which linearize the kinetic equations. We focus main attention on the many-point density formalism developed in [26, 28, 49] since in our opinion it seems at present to be the only general approach permitting treatment of all the above-mentioned problems, whereas other theoretical methods so far developed, e.g., those of secondary quantization [19, 29-32], and of multiple scattering [72, 73], as well based on... 

Number of problems avoided/discovered through the use of metrics X ... 

Certain retinoids may prove of value in the treatment of epithelial cancers [cancers in body cavities], although vitamin A itself may never be useful as it only slowly converts to the more bioactive retinoic acid. Beyond this is the fact that vitamin A can accumulate in toxic levels in the liver, a problem avoided with retinoic acid [Chaney, in Devlin, 1986, p. 1203].)... 

The next phase is to establish decision maker values, where is made an elicitation of which objectives the decision maker would like to consider for alternatives evaluation. Once there is a list of objectives to be considered is necessary to start another step to consolidate objectives and criteria, developing a consistent family of criteria to evaluate each alternative in its attributes. According to Vicke (1992) a set of attributes is consistent family of criteria if, and only if it represent the different aspects of the problem avoiding redundancies. This process contributes to build a value model. 

Iodine Iodine works against some bacteria and viruses but since iodine s use is limited and can lead to several health problems, avoid whenever possible. 

It is vital that no item should be allowed to leave the shop to be sent to site if it has not been submitted to and has successfully passed all the appropriate points in the inspection and test plan, leading to a formal authorization to ship. A rigorous programme of inspection and testing in the prefabrication shop pays dividends in terms of problems avoided on site. 

Search for different ways to view the problem, avoiding preconceived beliefs and stereotypical thinking. 

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