Requirements for management of safety

APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY TO COMPUTER BASED SYSTEMS 

For safety systems, the functional requirements that are to be fulfilled by a computer system should all be essential to the achievement of safety functions functions not essential to safety should be separated from and shown not to impact the safety functions. 

In the design of system modnles, simpler algorithms should be chosen over complex ones. Simplicity should not be sacrificed to achieve performance that is not required. The computer hardware used in safety systems should be specified with sufficient capacity and performance to prevent software from becoming too complex. 

Balance between risk rednetion and development effort 

Trade-offs in the achievement of various conflicting design objectives should be carefiilly assessed at each design stage for the system and its associated software. 

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The scope of the safety assessment is to check that the design meets the requirements for management of safety, the principal technical requirements, the plant design and plant system design requirements given in Sections 3-6 of Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Design [1], and that a comprehensive safety analysis has been... 

The requirements for management of safety (Section 3 in Ref [1]) address the issues which relate to proven engineering practice, operating experience and safety research. 

Section 3 provides recormnendations on the application of requirements for management of safety to computer based systems important to safety. 

The requirements for management of safety, safety requirements and technical standards to be used in the development should be identified. A compliance analysis... 

MANAGEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL SAFETY (lEC 61511 CLAUSE 5) Requirements for management of functional safety... 

Database for management of sanitary and storm wastewater collection systems. Maintains field operations data including safety history, engineering data, inspection recoids, and work orders. Requires 640K memory and hard disk. 

Search MSDS on CCINFOWeb. All databases on CCINFOWeb may be searched for free. The MSDSs are contributed by North American sources, many that are multi-national companies marketing chemical products worldwide. This database meets a growing international requirement for health and safety information on specific chemical products. It helps thousands of users worldwide manage their responsibilities under workplace, environmental and other right-to-know legislation. The MSDS database can be searched quickly and easily for product names and other product identifications, manufacturer or supplier names, dates of MSDSs, or any term used in the text of the MSDS itself. 

One of the best ways to determine that potential is to examine the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which by law in most jurisdictions must be provided by the manufacturer for any hazardous material used in the workplace and made available to the employees by plant management. The MSDS provides all the information necessary to determine the hazard potential and the requirements for control of any hazardous substance. Still other information can be found in the various guidelines published by the American Industrial Health Association, or by the U.S. National Safety Council, or by NIOSH (the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) or various other national, state, or provincial government bodies. (See Appendix II for information on sources.) Once you have an inventory, of course, you can start relating potential health problems to possible sources in particular areas. Also, in the process of preparing this report, you will begin to build an invaluable library that will stand you in good stead for further consideration of the problems at hand. 

The management of safety data requires not only all the care that management of every other type of data collected requires (recall Section 5.9) but also some extra considerations. The first of these is the process of coding. To facilitate the summarization of AE data that are collected in the subjects own words (or the investigators version of their words), and can therefore be heterogeneous, a degree of uniformity has to be introduced. For example, the terms headache, ... 

The priorities for management of health care in relation to such groups should center on basic requirements such as water and sanitation, food and nutrition, shelter and safety, control of communicable diseases and psychosocial recovery. Organizations such as Medicins Sans Frontiers have proposed a top 10 priorities (see Medicins Sans Frontiers, 1997). Medically focused, these priorities can be shortened or amended for use by nurses. 

Management of safety is a principal responsibility of the sponsor monitor. The monitor has responsibility for informing the investigator about the safety requirements of the study. This will include a discussion of expected and unexpected adverse events, how to report adverse events should they occur and how to characterize the adverse events in terms of project-specific definitions. 

Effective identification of adverse health effects of chemicals in use in industry requires that management and safety personnel have a good awareness of chemical hazards, something which many lack at the present time. There is thus an educational need to be satisfied. Such education must include instruction in the maintenance of adequate factory records for both patterns of sickness and patterns of work. Statutory national or state safety bodies must have sufficient resources for this as well as their other re KMisibilities. 

Consolidated chemical-related safety and health requirements here provide a context for the need for the chemical user to incorporate pollution prevention into every phase of work, sueh as planning, acquisition, operations, waste management/disposal, and continuous improvement. This chapter does not contain requirements for implementation of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reporting requirements or for environmental regulatory compliance. 

In the model companies, senior management assumes responsibility for safety and provides the leadership necessaiy to achieve the superior results expected. Management has ownership of safety as a part of operating responsibility. It s understood that management commitment, direction, and involvement are the sine qua non, the prime requirement for effectiveness in safety. If superior results are desired, there must be a long-term commitment to long-term goals. That s an absolute. 

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