Functional requirement

It is necessary to ensure in the conceptual design that the basic functional requirements of the incineration facility will be met. These requirements may typically include the following  

These requirements are those needed for the component to work in the application. To illustrate, if the component will be subjected to a bending load, then a functional requirement for the material of the component will be to have sufficient bending strength. 

1 Safety Limits, Limiting Control Settings, and Limiting 

---

As discussed above, the permutational symmetry of the total wave function requires the proper combination of its various contributions. These are summarized in Tables V-Xn for all isotopomers of Lis. Note that the conclusions hold provided that the various wave functions have the appropriate symmetries. If, for some reason, one of the components fails to meet such a requirement, then the symmetry of the total wave function will fail too. For example, even if the vibrational wave functions are properly assigned, the total wave... 

The functional requirements of the ablative heatshield must be well understood before selection of the proper material can occur. Ablative heatshield materials not only protect a vehicle from excessive heating, they also act as an aerodynamic body and sometimes as a stmctural component (2,3). Intensity and duration of heating, thermostmctural requirements and shape stabiUty (4,5), potential for particle erosion (6), weight limitations (7—10), and reusabiUty (11) are some of the factors which must be considered in selection of an ablative material. 

The generation of the penalty function requires selection from among many possible different functions as well as selection of many parameters of the penalty function. The contribution to the objective by the penalty function, relative to the contribution of the original objective function, changes the nature of the original objective function, which ia turn influences the ease or difficulty of finding the optimum. 

The alkylthio group is replaceable by nucleophiles. The positions 7 and 4 react under mild conditions in that order the 2-alkylthio functions require more drastic treatment. Conversion of l-methyl-4-methylthiopteridin-2-one (157) into the 4-methylamino derivative (158) can be achieved by stirring with methylamine at room temperature (equation 48). The reactivity of an alkylthio group can often be further enhanced by oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone. Thus, reaction of l,3-dimethyl-7-methylthiolumazine (160) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid yields 7-methylsulfinyl- (161) and 7-methylsulfonyl-l,3-dimethyllumazine (162 equation 49) (82UP21601). 4-Amino-2-methylthio-7-... 

DCS manufacturers have devoted considerable efforts to make it easy to implement and enhance process control configurations within their products. Although programming in the traditional sense is possible within most products, the majority of the functions required for a process control application can be implemented by configuring as opposed to programming. 

Valve Application Technology Functional requirements and the properties of the controlled fluid determine which valve and actuator types are best for a specific apphcation. If demands are modest and no unique valve features are required, the valve-design style selection may be determined solely by cost. If so, general-purpose globe or angle valves provide exceptional value, especially in sizes less than 3-inch NFS and hence are very popular. Beyond type selection, there are many other valve specifications that must be determined properly in order to ultimately yield-improved process control. 

This is the flux reference controller which provides the absolute value of stator flux to the flux comparator (section. f). The value of this absolute flux can be varied to fulfil many functional requirements from the inverter unit such as... 

Functions such as those already noted require extensive technical and administrative support. The technical support functions required include the following ... 

The functional requirements and characteristics of the flexing elements are to transmit rated torque as well as any system overloads without buckling or... 

To illustrate how the control function requires extra capacity of process equipment, let us use a typical fractionation system, as shown in Figure 1. This sample illustrates the point being made rather than recommending any particular fractionation control scheme. The best... 

Very few self-sufficient viruses have only 60 protein chains in their shells. The satellite viruses do not themselves encode all of the functions required for their replication and are therefore not self-sufficient. The first satellite virus to be discovered, satellite tobacco necrosis virus, which is also one of the smallest known with a diameter of 180 A, has a protein shell of 60 subunits. This virus cannot replicate on its own inside a tobacco cell but needs a helper virus, tobacco necrosis virus, to supply the functions it does not encode. The RNA genome of the satellite virus has only 1120 nucleotides, which code for the viral coat protein of 195 amino acids but no other protein. With this minimal genome the satellite viruses are obligate parasites of the viruses that parasitize cells. 

Special functionalities required of the power supply. These include any power-on resets and power-fail signals needed by any microcomputers in the system, remote turn-off, output voltage or current programming, power sequencing, status signals, etc. 

Quiescent losses are associated with all of the functions required to operate the power circuits. That is all of the circuits associated with the controller IC and any feedback circuits elsewhere in the supply. These losses are typically small compared to the other losses within the supply, but can be analyzed to see if any improvement can be made. 

The drive for these additional requirements has come not from the suppliers but from users, such as the automotive, utilities, telecommunications, software, and aerospace industries which purchase millions of products and services used to produce the goods and services they provide to the consumer. Rather than invoke customer-specific conditions in each contract, the larger purchasers perceive real benefits from agreeing common quality system requirements for their industry sector. Quite often a supplier will be supplying more than one customer in a particular sector and hence costs increase for both the supplier and the customer if the supplier has to meet different requirements that serve the same objective. All customers desire products and services that consistently/ meet their requirements. While the physical and functional requirements for the product or service will differ, the requirements governing the manner in which their quality is to be achieved, controlled, and assured need not differ. Differences in quality system requirements may arise between industry sectors where the technology, complexity, and risks are different. 

Quality systems need to possess certain characteristics for them to be fit for their purpose. ISQ/TS 16949 specifies functional requirements for quality systems rather than performance requirements. It specifies what a quality system must do but not how well it must do it. The performance required will however depend on the environment in which the system will be used. Some of these performance characteristics will be as follows ... 

First, achieving lower raw material cost than at present is always an important economic factor. When the price for one material comes down relative to another, the point at which we trade-off between the two materials changes because cost is a factor in most designs. That statement is not meant to imply that engineers are not concerned about cost in some designs, but we must emphasize that some particular structures have functional requirements as the most important issue. Can they or can they not do the job Cost is not the primary issue in that case. We would naturally like to have a less-expensive Space Shuttle, but can we do the job that the Space Shuttle is now doing with a lower-cost structure We could use less-expensive materials, but would they be able to hold up, would they survive reentry, and would the astronauts be able to survive If the astronauts would not be able to survive, then clearly you would acknowledge that we must pay the added cost to get the job done, i.e., to ensure their safety. 

The simulations are repeated several times, starting from different matrix configurations. We have found that about 10 rephcas of the matrix usually assure good statistics for the determination of the local fluid density. However, the evaluation of the nonuniform pair distribution functions requires much longer runs at least 100 matrix replicas are needed to calculate the pair correlation functions for particles parallel to the pore walls. However, even as many as 500 replicas do not ensure the convergence of the simulation results for perpendicular configurations. 

This is the actual mental function required by the task that failed (see Figure 2.17). In the case study imder consideration the failure was at the Execute Action stage of the stepladder model, since the worker intended to operate the valve for reactor A, so there was no question of failure in the selection of actions. The connection with the task characteristics box indicates the fact that action is a fimction required by the task. 

Figure 4.8 shows a specific example of this type of diagram which includes some symbols. The diagram shows the tasks that the operator and the computer must perform in a computer controlled reactor. The central column is used to show any functional requirements of the human-computer interface. 

The task analysis techniques described in the previous section are mainly oriented toward observable actions, although hierarchical task analysis (HTA) allows it to address functional requirements as well as the specific actions that are required to satisfy these requirements. 

These results strongly favor a concept of initially formed nb glucans that become Icb branched in a first step and increasingly scb branched with increasing physiological age and functional requirements. 

Obtain the weighting function required to carry out weighted least-squares regression analysis of Eq. (2-15). 

Not only that, there are usually a lot of them. An HF-LCAO calculation with n basis functions requires the calculation and manipulation of about such integrals. 

Here /, are the three moments of inertia. The symmetry index a is the order of the rotational subgroup in the molecular point group (i.e. the number of proper symmetry operations), for H2O it is 2, for NH3 it is 3, for benzene it is 12 etc. The rotational partition function requires only information about the atomic masses and positions (eq. (12.14)), i.e. the molecular geometry. 

Determining the number of theoretical and actual trays in a distillation column is only part of the design necessary to ensure system performance. The interpretation of distillation, absorption, or stripping requirements into a mechanical vessel with internal components (trays or packing, see Chapter 9) to carry out the function requires use of theoretical and empirical data. The costs of this equipment are markedly influenced by the column diameter and the intricacies of the trays, such as caps, risers, weirs, downcomers, perforations, etc. Calcvdated tray efficiencies for determination of actual trays can be lost by any unbalanced and improperly designed tray. 

Since, in this case, the state of each site depends oii the states of all other sites, including itself, the specification of each Boolean function requires that all... 

---