Rashes subcutaneous

Strong acids and strong alkaUes can severely bum the skin, chromium compounds can produce skin rashes, and repeated exposure to solvents causes removal of natural oils from the skin. Infection is always a concern for damaged skin. Absorption through the skin is possible for materials that are appreciably soluble iu both water and oil, eg, nitrobenzene, aniline, and tetraethyllead. Other materials can be absorbed if first dissolved iu extremely good solvents, eg, dimethyl sulfoxide. Subcutaneous iujection can occur accidentally by direct exposure of the circulatory system to a chemical by means of a cut or scratch or iuadvertent penetration of the skin with a hypodermic needle. 

The water solubiUty of glutaric acid fosters its toxicity. Glutaric acid is a known nephrotoxin. Renal failure has been documented ia rabbits adruinistered sodium glutarate subcutaneously (124). Dibasic ester (Du Pont), which contains primarily dimethyl glutarate, has low acute toxicity by inhalation and by ingestion, and is moderately toxic via dermal absorption. The acid is both a dermal and ocular irritant of humans. The ester is a severe skin irritant and may cause a rash ia humans (120). 

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is perhaps the most uniform, in terms of clinical and histopathological features, of the whole PM/DM disease complex. Presentation may be before 5 years of age with peak incidence between 8 and 12 years. The disease may remit and recur until well into young adult life. The skin lesions include a facial rash in butterfly distribution across nose and cheeks. Erythematous skin changes are seen over extensor surfaces of joints, especially knees, knuckles and elbows. Muscle involvement is generally evident some time later and takes the form of weakness and stiffness, particularly affecting shoulder and pelvic musculature. Proximal muscles are often worse affected than distal muscles and extensors worse than flexors. In the absence of prompt and effective treatment contractures may occur at elbows, ankles, knees, and hips. Subcutaneous calcification and skin ulceration may be found calcification of deeper-lying connective tissue may be apparent on X-ray. 

Adalimumab (Humira) is a human immunoglobulin Gj monoclonal TNF-a antibody. The binding of adalimumab results in inactivation of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a. It is indicated for psoriatic arthritis and treatment of adults with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. The recommended dose for psoriatic arthritis is 40 mg subcutaneously every other week. The recommended dose for adults with plaque psoriasis is an initial dose of 80 mg, followed by 40 mg every other week starting 1 week after the initial dose. The most common adverse reactions are infections (e.g., upper respiratory, sinusitis), injection site reactions, headache, and rash. 

Local Mild local irritation (eg, injection-site bleeding, rash, pruritus) may occur following subcutaneous injection. 

Immunodeficiency 100-200 mg/kg/mo IV at 0.01-0.04 mL/kg/min to 400 mg/kg/dose max UP 400 mg/kg/dose IV daily x 5 d BMP 500 mg/kg/wk X in renal insuff Caution [C, ] Separate administration of live vaccines by 3 mo Contra IgA deficiency w/ Abs to IgA, severe thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders Disp Inj SE Associated mostly w/ inf rate GI upset Interactions X Effects OF live virus vaccines EMS May cause anaphylactic Rxn OD Unlikely Immune Globulin, Subcutaneous (Vivaglobin) [Immune Serum] Uses Primary immunodeficiency Action IgG supl Dose 100—200 mg/kg BW subq wkly abd, thighs, upp arms, or lat al hip Caution [C, ] Contra Hx anaphylaxis to immune globulin some IGA deficiency Disp Inj SE Inj site Rxns, HA, GI complaint, fevCT, N, D, rash, sore throat EMS May be self administered at home may cause anaphylactic Rxn OD Unlikely to cause life-threatening Sxs... 

IM, Subcutaneous-. Epigastric discomfort, dry mouth, diarrhea, flatulence NflSfll Itching of earlobes, pedal edema, rash, diaphoresis... 

Somogyi effect, including rebound hyperglycemia with chronically excessive insulin dosages systemicallergic reaction, marked by rash, angioedema, and anaphylaxis lipodystrophy or depression at injection site due to breakdown of adipose tissue lipo-hypertrophy or accumulation of subcutaneous tissue at injection site due to inadequate site rotation Rare... 

This formula is able to expel wind, nourish the blood, clear heat and eliminate dampness. It is used for treating skin lesions that are caused by invasion and accumulation of wind, dampness and heat in the skin, subcutaneous region, muscles and blood, which are manifested as itchy and red skin rashes that weep after being scratched, a white or yellow tongue coating and a superficial and rapid pulse. 

Recombinant human IL-11 (oprelvekin) is a polypeptide of 177 amino acids. It differs from natural IL-11 due to lack of glycosylation and the amino-terminal proline residue. Oprelvekin is administered by subcutaneous injection, usually 6-24 h after chemotherapy, at a dose of 25-50 p,g/kg per day. The drug has a half-life of about 7h. It is used to stimulate bone marrow to induce platelet production in nonmyeloid malignancies in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The common side effects of oprelvekin include fluid retention, tachycardia, edema, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath and mouth sores. Other side effects include rash at the injection site, blurred vision, paresthesias, headache, fever, cough and bone pain. Rarely, CLS may occur. 

Rash and pruritus can occur at the site of subcutaneous injections of calcitonin (18). 

Dermal/Ocular Effects. Because BCME is highly reactive, it is directly irritating to skin and other epithelial tissues. Chronic (lifetime) application of BCME (1 mg/dose) to the skin of mice produced a strong corrosive response, including hair loss, hemorrhagic rash and edema of subcutaneous tissue (Van Duuren et al. 1968). In rabbits, a single application of undiluted BCME lead to moderate erythema and marked necrosis, and a primary dermal irritation score of 6 was assigned (Union Carbide 1968). A dose of 5 / L (7 mg) applied to the eye of rabbits produced severe corneal necrosis (Union Carbide 1968). 

Characterized by subcutaneous nodules, a pruritic skin rash and ocular lesions often resuiting in biindness. 

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Reversible cutaneous reactions have been observed and are generally mild to moderate. Reactions are characterised by a rash including localised eruptions mainly on the feet and hands (including severe hand and foot syndrome), but also on the arms, face or thorax, and frequently associated with pruritus. Eruptions generally occur within one week after the docetaxel infusion. Severe nail disorders are characterised by hypo- or hyperpigmentation and sometimes pain and onycholysis. 

Subcutaneous edema Papulovesicular rash Vesication (bullae) Inflammatory hyperpigmentation... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 4.1 Label Flammable Solid SAFETY PROFILE A poison by subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. An irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Some persons suffer a skin rash if they come in contact with this material or the fumes evolved when it is heated. Human mutation data reported. Pure hexamethylenetetramine may be taken internally in small amounts and has been used in medicine as a urinary antiseptic. Its major industrial use is in the manufacture of phenolic resins. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Large doses taken internally cause vomiting, convulsions. Chronic poisoning is manifested by weakness, confusion, diarrhea, and skin rashes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and Na20. See also THIOCYANATES. 

There have been numerous reports of different rashes in association with ACE inhibitors. The most common skin reaction is a pruritic maculopapular eruption, which is reportedly more common with captopril (2-7%) than with enalapril (about 1.5%). This rash occurs in the usual dosage range and is more common in patients with renal insufficiency (70). Lichenoid reactions, bullous pemphigoid, exfoliative dermatitis, flushing and erythroderma, vasculitis/purpura, subcutaneous lupus erythematosus, and reversible alopecia have aU been reported (70-72). 

Deferoxamine is only used parenterally. It is more toxic when used in patients with a low iron burden. After subcutaneous infusion many patients have some local irritation and swelling. Rapid intravenous injection can be followed by flushing, wheals, tachycardia, hypotension, acute adult respiratory distress, and renal insufficiency shock or convulsions can also occur. Headache, blurred vision, dysuria, diarrhea, and leg or hand cramps have been reported. Intramuscular injection can be painful. Hypersensitivity reactions occasionally occur, with rash, fever, and edema anaphylactic shock has been encountered (SEDA-7, 262) (7,8). As a test dose in patients with aluminium storage... 

The safety profiles of epoetin and darbepoetin are similar. Adverse effects of darbepoetin include hypertension, injection site pain (generally mild and transient) in the case of subcutaneous administration, cardiovascular events, headache, vascular disorders (vascular access thrombosis), flu-like sjmptoms, and skin rashes (20,53,54). Adverse effects such as hypertension and thrombophlebitis are observed in uremic patients requiring dialysis but not in patients with hematological malignancies (55). 

Generalized skin rash and local swelling at the injection site have been reported after subcutaneous epoetin (8,20), as have urticaria and other skin rashes (48,102). Of 61 patients with malignancies of the oral cavity and oropharynx who were treated with epoetin before perioperative chemoradiation, one had a mild transient skin rash related to epoetin (103). 

In all clinical studies carried out to date, G-CSF has been well tolerated, whether given subcutaneously or intravenously. At the recommended doses (5-10 micrograms/ kg), generalized musculoskeletal and transient bone pains, headache, and mild rash are the commonest adverse effects (2). No additional adverse effects or delayed consequences have been so far reported in neonates treated at birth for presumed bacterial sepsis (SEDA-20, 337). An increase in the size of the spleen has been reported (3,4). Transient rises in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and uric acid are considered to be normal physiological consequences of the rise in the neutrophil count (5). Long-term G-CSF administration in patients with severe congenital neutropenia has also been considered to be relatively safe, with discontinuation or temporary withdrawal in only seven of 44 patients (6). 

GM-CSF often causes erythema and itching at subcutaneous injection sites, with a particularly high incidence of relapsing macular pruritic infiltrates at sites of injection in patients with inflammatory breast cancer (SEDA-20, 339). Based on a retrospective review, molgramostim-induced rash was the most common treatment-limiting adverse event in bone marrow transplant patients, but further administration of sargramostim may be well tolerated (1). 

As with interferon alfa, pegylated interferon alfa has been associated with injection site skin necrosis (285). Severe local reactions after subcutaneous injections mostly consist of ulceration and skin necrosis, but a variety of reactions have been described. Prominent suppuration and granulomatous dermatitis at the injection sites of interferon alfa have been reported in two patients (286). Three patients who had severe rashes while receiving pegylated interferon alfa-2a or 2b had positive intracutaneous tests to both pegylated forms of interferon alfa but not to standard interferon alfa-2a or 2b (287). One of these patients subsequently tolerated standard interferon alfa. Cutaneous ulcers have also been reported in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b (288,289). In the latter case, the lesions healed under local therapy and the same dose of interferon was maintained. 

Two distinct types of skin lesions have been described in patients taking pentazocine scleroderma-like changes, subcutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, ulceration, muscle atrophy and granulomas (all of which are well-recognized consequences of pentazocine abuse), and a generalized erythematous desquamative rash. 

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