Dermatitis exfoliative

Dinitrotoluene is a highly toxic material, and is readily absorbed thru intact skin. Vapors are absorbed thru the respiratory tract. It produces a marked increase in metabolism and temp, profuse sweating, collapse and death. It can also cause dermatitis, cataracts, wt loss, granulocytopenia, polyneuropathy, and exfoliative dermatitis (Ref 10)... 

Skin—rash, erythema, irritation, skin eruptions, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Jbhnson syndrome, ecchymosis, and purpura... 

One adverse reaction associated with allopurinol is skin rash, which in some cases has been followed by serious hypersensitivity reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis... 

Rash, exfoliative dermatitis, Sevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematologic changes... 

Pemphigus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, severe psoriasis, severe seborrheic dermatitis, angioedema, urticaria, various skin disorders, such as lichen planus or keloids... 

Agranulocytosis, headache, exfoliative dermatitis, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis,... 

The most serious adverse reaction associated with these drugs is agranulocytosis (decrease in the number of white blood cells [eg, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils]). Reactions observed with agranulocytosis include hay fever, sore throat, skin rash, fever, or headache Other major reactions include exfoliative dermatitis, granulocytopenia, aplastic anemia, hypoprothrombinemia, and hepatitis. Minor reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and paresthesias, also may be seen. 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a severe erythema, was seen in five people occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene for 2-5 weeks at levels ranging from 19 to 164 ppm (Phoon et al. 1984). The study authors suggested that the erythema was caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to trichloroethylene. An exfoliative dermatitis (Goh and Ng 1988) and scleroderma (Czirjak et al. 1993), also thought to have an immune component, have been reported in persons occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene. 

Exfoliative dermatitis Widespread dermatitis characterized by scaling and shedding of the skin and usually accompanied by redness. Also called pityriasis rubra. 

The physiologic sequelae of biotin deficiency are almost unexplored. Severe skin lesions, especially seborrheic dermatitis and Leiner s disease (Erythroderma desquamativum or exfoliative dermatitis), were increased in young infants bom of mothers on a restricted diet low in eggs, livers, and other biotin-rich foods. After biotin administration the lesions healed. There are claims that excess biotin produces a fatty liver characterized by heightened cholesterol content. Choline has no effect in the prevention of biotin-fatty livers (G2, M2). In mice with transplanted tumors, both the tumors and the blood levels of biotin are below normal (R8). More recent studies established a protection with avidin, the biotin-binding fraction of egg white, against tumor formation (K4). More data along these lines are still needed for confirmation. 

Erythema/ redness Induration/ sweUmg 2.5- 5 cm 2.5- 5 cm and does not interfere with activity 5.1- 10 cm 5.1- lOcm or interferes with activity >10 cm >10cm or prevents daily activity Necrosis or exfoliative dermatitis Necrosis... 

A concern with the administration of lamotrigine is that it has the potential to induce the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (exfoliative dermatitis). The incidence of a serious rash in clinical trials appears to be about 0.08% with monotherapy and 0.13% with combination therapy. The rash usually resolves when lamotrigine is stopped, but all patients starting lamotrigine should be cautioned to be vigilant for the development of a rash, especially during the first 6 months of treatment. 

Other adverse reactions include nausea diarrhea pyrexia dermatitis exfoliative dermatitis urticaria alopecia sore mouth mouth ulcers fever abdominal cramping leukopenia red-orange urine priapism (causal relationship not established) paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction from submucosal or intramural hemorrhage. 

Other-Fever, flushing hyperglycemia inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome rash alopecia. Ethylenediamine in aminophylline can cause sensitivity reactions, including exfoliative dermatitis and urticaria. Cardiovascular Palpitations tachycardia extrasystoles hypotension circulatory failure life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. 

Adverse reactions may include drowsiness ataxia dizziness slurred speech headache vertigo weakness impairment of visual accommodation euphoria overstimulation paradoxical excitement nausea vomiting diarrhea palpitations tachycardia various arrhythmias syncope hypotensive crises allergic/idiosyncratic reactions leukopenia acute nonthrombocytopenic purpura petechiae ecchymoses eosinophilia peripheral edema fever hyperpyrexia chills angioneurotic edema bronchospasm oliguria anuria anaphylaxis erythema multiforme exfoliative dermatitis stomatitis proctitis Stevens-Johnson syndrome bullous dermatitis paresthesias agranulocytosis aplastic anemia thrombocytopenic purpura. 

Allergic symptoms include urticaria angioneurotic edema laryngospasm bronchospasm hypotension vascular collapse death maculopapular to exfoliative dermatitis vesicular eruptions erythema multiforme reactions resembling serum sickness (eg, chills, fever, edema, arthralgia, arthritis, malaise) laryngeal edema skin rashes prostration. 

CNS - Asthenia, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy (see Warnings), psychotic reactions, vertigo. Dermatologic Erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis (rare) transient alopecia. 

Hypersensitivity Fever, skin eruptions of various types, including exfoliative dermatitis, infectious mononucleosis-like, or lymphoma-like syndrome, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hepatitis, pericarditis, hypoglycemia, optic neuritis, encephalopathy, Leoffler s syndrome, vasculitis, and a reduction in prothrombin. 

Skin - Severe, occasionally fatal dermatologic reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, skin necrosis, and erythema multiforme, have been reported within days of methotrexate administration. 

Suramin is a non-specific inhibitor of many enzymes. Suramin can only be given intravenously. Toxic reactions are frequent and sometimes severe, including gastrointestinal complaints, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuritis and exfoliative dermatitis. 

Adverse effects resulting from gold-accumulation in tissues can include lesions of the mucous membranes, skin eruptions varying from erythema to severe exfoliative dermatitis, proteinuria and nephrosis. A serious hematologic reaction is aplastic anemia. A rather high incidence of gastrointestinal disturbances is seen in patients on auranofin. 

Biotin (vitamin B ) is widespread in foods and is also synthesized by intestinal bacteria. It is a coenzyme for the carboxylation of pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), propionyl CoA, and /1-methyl-crotonyl CoA and is involved in fatty acid formation and in energy release from carbohydrates. In humans deficiencies only occur in patients with an abnormal gut flora and manifests itself as exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia. 

Nitisinone is a reversibile inhibitor of 4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvate oxidase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. Nitisinone prevents the accumulation of the toxic metabolites fumaryl acetoacetate, succinyl acetoacetate and succinyl acetone. Nitisinone is used for the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. After oral administration bioavailability is 90% and peak levels are reached at 2.5 hours after dosing. The drug is eliminated mainly in the urine but some CYP3A4-mediated metabolism seems to occur. The elimination half-life is 45 hours. Blood dyscrasias are frequently occurring side effects as are eye problems like conjunctivitis, corneal opacity and keratitis. Exfoliative dermatitis, erythematous rash and pruritus... 

A variety of idiosyncratic reactions may be seen shortly after therapy has begun. Skin rashes, usually morbilliform in character, are most common. Exfoliative dermatitis or toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyellis syndrome) has been observed but is infrequent. Other rashes occasionally have been reported, as have a variety of blood dyscrasias and hepatic necrosis. 

Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, eczema, exfoliative dermatitis, granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex, polymorphous light eruption, pruritus, psoriasis, Rhus dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis ... 

Contraindications Bone marrow aplasia, historyofgold-induced pathologies (including blood dyscrasias, exfoliative dermatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and pulmonary fibrosis), severe blood dyscrasias... 

Colitis, concurrent use of antimalarials, immunosuppressive agents, penicillamine, or phenylbutazone, congestive heart failure (CHF), exfoliative dermatitis, history of blood dyscrasias, severe liver or renal impairment, systemic lupus erythematosus... 

Exfoliative dermatitis, toxic skin and mucous membrane reactions, thrombophlebitis (at injection site)... 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, and anaphylaxis occur rarely. 

An exanthematous rash is one of the more common side effects of carbamazepine, occurring in 3%-17% of patients. This reaction typically begins within 2-20 weeks after the start of treatment. Car-bamazepine is generally discontinued if a rash develops because of the risk of progression to an exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a severe bullous form of erythema multiforme. 

Adverse effects include diarrhoea, dermatitis, stomatitis, glossitis, pharyngitis, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, alopecia, blood dyscrasias including thrombocytope-... 

The common side effects are nausea and vomiting. The others are allergic symptoms including drug fever, skin rash, urticaria, eosinophilia, photosensitization reactions, serum sickness like syndrome. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and exfoliative dermatitis are also common with longer acting agents. 

Adverse effects include pain at injection site, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skin rash, fever, exfoliative dermatitis and eosinophilia. Anaphylaxis is rarely seen. Optic nerve dysfunction. 

Adverse effects include urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, GI disturbances, dizziness and yellow discoloration of the skin on prolonged use. 

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