Physiology normal

It is likely that of the vast array of compounds released by plant roots, very few have a direct effect on the growth of soil-grown plants. One must ask whether they serve any useful purpose at all. The fears and uncertainty about what is physiologically normal were expressed by Ayers and Thornton in 1968 (97) their... 

AC Guyton. Basic Human Physiology Normal Functions and Mechanisms of Disease. Philadelphia WB Saunders, 1971, p. 428. 

In analytical chemistry a solution which contains 1 Eq dm is referred to as a normal solution. Unfortunately the term normal is also used to mean physiologically normal with reference to saline solution. In this usage, a physiologically normal saline solution contains 0.9 g NaCl in 100 cm aqueous solution and not 1 equivalent (58.44 g) per litre. 

Overall, studies with GFP-linked arARs expressed in model cell lines appear to provide almost unanimous support for a predominantly intracellular location of the a1A- and a1D-subtypes and a mainly cell surface location for a1B. It is interesting that, in the one native system in which attempts have been made to study the function of all three arAR subtypes (i.e., contraction of vascular smooth muscle), a1A and a1D have the dominant role, and that of a1B is minor (16). This suggests either that a balance in favor of intracellular rather than surface receptors is a physiologically normal situation or that recombinant cell systems do not reflect accurately the true physiological situation. This may be further informed by visualization of receptors in native systems as discussed in Section 3. 

Where no effective treatment exists at present for some inborn errors of metabolism, and where these disorders are associated with severe illness, mental retardation, or early death, the prenatal diagnosis of the diseased fetus by amniotic fluid enzyme analysis is now possible (MIO, Mil, M12). These new developments in the field of transabdominal amniocentesis, coupled with more liberal abortion laws, can serve to reassure families with a previous history of a fatal disease that their offspring will be physiologically normal. As applied to the field of amino acid disorders, enzyme analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells has been used to diagnosis potential cases of homocystinuria (Fig. 51) and... 

Regardless of the biological activity being measured and the detection system being used, the assay will be optimized against an array of multifactorial parameters to provide an in vitro milieu for the bioassay, which most closely resembles the physiological "normal" for the functional activity. In this assay optimization process, factors such as pH, and a whole host of other significant parameters are modified to provide the most appropriate bioassay. 

Rinse the wound with physiologically normal saline. 

The set-point concept of the Mechanostat allows this theory to describe bone adaptation from agents (hormones, diseases, drugs) that produce no mechanical stimulus. These agents can alter the location of one or both set-points, causing the Mechanostat to activate, although the bone experiences physiologically normal mechanical strain. 

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