Rabbits biocompatibility

Implants in the rabbit corneas exhibited no observable inflammatory characteristics over a period of 6 weeks. Compared to other previously tested polymers, the inertness of these polyanhydrides rivals that of the biocompatible poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Histological examination of the removed corneas also revealed the absence of inflammatory cells (21)... 

Brem, H., Kader, A., Epstein, J. I., Tamargo, R., Domb, A., Danger, R., and Leong, K., Biocompatibility of bioerodible controlled release polymers in the rabbit brain. Selective Caacer Therapeutics. 5, 55-65, 1989. 

Data on the biocompatibility of gelatin microspheres is extremely limited. Drug-free microspheres elicited no untoward effects when injected intravenously into mice over a 12-week period (159). When albumin microspheres were injected repeatedly into the knee joints of rabbits, pronounced rapid joint swelling occurred after the second and subsequent injections. By comparison, no swelling occurred when gelatin microspheres were administered (160). 

As mentioned previously (and discussed in detail in Sec. IX), contact lens products have specific guidelines that focus on compatibility with the contact lens and biocompatibility with the cornea and conjunctiva [75], These solutions are viewed as new medical devices and require testing with the contact lenses with which they are to be used. Tests include a 21-day ocular study in rabbits and employ the appropriate types of contact lenses with which they are to be used and may include the other solutions that might be used with the lens. Additional tests to evaluate cytotoxicity potential, acute toxicity, sensitization potential (allergenicity), and risks specific to the preparation are also required [75-77], These tests are sufficient to meet requirements in the majority of countries, though testing requirements for Japan are currently much more extensive. 

Laurencin et al. (1990) conducted extensive local and systemic toxicity studies with P(CPP-SA), which also showed excellent biocompatibility and toxicology. Domb (1992) studied the biocompatibility of P(CPP-IPA), P(CPP IPA-SA), and P(CPP-SA) by subcutaneous and intramuscular implants in rabbits. Inflammation occurred at week one and was more pronounced for the intramuscular implants, but subsided in all cases by week 4 (Domb, 1992). Domb and Nudelman (1995) conducted... 

The sensitivity to irritation is different for different tissues in the body. Biocompatibility is therefore highly related to the injection site. For instance, the rabbit eye is a highly sensitive animal model for biocompatibility studies [82, 83]. Surface topography is another important parameter of biocompatibility [79]. Sharp edges or corners may cause irritation and enhance the local tissue response [40]. 

The results of animal tests using rats, rabbits, and dogs have demonstrated high biocompatibility and high osteoconductivity. Moreover, the most impressive bone tissue reaction of the HAp/Col composites is incorporation of the composites into the bone-remodeling process, that is, they are resorbed by osteoclastic cells. ... 

In addition to rendering the formulation sufficiently conductive, the ion delivered from the non-drug formulation must be biocompatible. Irritation resulting from use of four inorganic electrolytes has been reported by Anigbogu and coworkers. They reported that use of 0.9% NaCl or KCl in the anode reservoir at current densities of 0.5mA/cm and ImA/cm for Ih elicited no skin irritation in rabbits. In contrast, the use of 0.9%i CaCl2 or MgCl2 caused moderate erythema. 

The biocompatibility of implantable polyanhydride disks was studied in the brain of rats, rabbits, monkeys, and eventually in human clinical trials. Wafers of poly(CPP SA) and poly (FAD SA) were implanted in the frontal lobes of rats, rabbits, and monkeys. In all these studies, the animals receiving the implants showed no behavioral changes or neurological deficits, indicating that the polymers were not invoking a systemic or local toxicity. To determine how the body metabolized the poly(CPP SA), radio-labeled copolymers were implanted in the brains of rats. Seven days after the implantation, 40% of the " C SA-labeled polymer had been excreted as CO2, 10% was excreted along with the urine, 2% with the feces, and 10% still in the implanted device. In the same period only 4% of the " C CPP-labeled polymer was excreted along with the urine and feces. 

The biocompatibility of poly(CPP), poly(TA), and copolymers of CPP SA and CPP TA implanted in the corneas of rabbits was studied. Six weeks after implantation, the cornea remained clear and showed no evidence of corneal edema or neovascularization, indicating biocompatibility of the polymer matrix implant. 

Brem, H. Kader, A. Epstein, J.I. Tamargo, R.J. Domb, A. Langer, R. Leong, K.W. Biocompatibility of a biodegradable, controlled-release polymer in the rabbit brain. Selec. Cancer Ther. 1989, 5 (2), 55-65. 

Ophthalmic optics—Contact lenses and contact lens care products— Determination of biocompatibility by ocular study with rabbit eyes. ISO 9394 1998(E), 1998. 

The combined effect of (3-CyD with absorption enhancers such as sodium glycocholate or Azone on the nasal absorption of human fibroblast interferon- 3 in powder form in rabbits has been described. HP- 3-CyD was useful as a biocompatible solubilizer for lipophilic absorption enhancers involved in the nasal preparations of peptides.When insuUn was admiifistered nasally to rats, simultaneous use of an oily penetration enhancer, HPE-101, (l-[2-(decylthio)-ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one) or oleic acid solubilized in HP-(3-CyD showed a marked increase in serum immuno-reactive insulin levels and marked hypoglycemic (Figure 40.11). The potentiation of the enhancing effect of HPE-101 by HP-(3-CyD can be explained by the facilitated transfer of HPE-101 into the nasal mucosa. Studies on the release of membrane proteins and scanifing electron microscopic observations of rat nasal mucosa indicated that the local mucosal damage due to the combination with HP- 3-CyD may not be serious obstacles to their safe use. 

Various observation used in this study showed that there is observed no inflammation throughout the implants febricated and inserted in the mandible d rabbits. Both Ti and Ti HAP FGM implants have enough biocompadbility. When both implants, inserted respectively in right arxl left mandibles of the same rabbit, were compared, FGM showed the greater growth erf ner y formed bone area(F%.6). Ti/HAP FGM implant may have further good biocompatibility. 

Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties. Currently, their are no suitable artificial materials for the prosthetic replacement of articular cartilage. The biocompatibility is considered the primary criterion in the selection of such a material. In a recent study, Furst and co-workers(10) compared the biocompatibility of the polyurethane to the well known medical grade silicone polymer. The tissue reactions to small polymer discs, inserted in an articulating space—the suprapatellar bursa of rabbits, was examined. The foreign body reaction of the tissue at the implantation site was evaluated at intervals of 7 days,... 

Conclusions. Results from the biocompatibility studies in rabbit supratellar bursa, measurement of hydrophilic properties, lubrication and wear in-vitro studies, determination of viscoelastic properties, measurement of damping coefficient and impact test, total elbow joint replacement design and in-vivo percutaneous implant experiment, all indicate that this series of polyurethanes is an excellent candidate biomaterial for the prosthetic replacement of articular cartilage, artificial joint prostheses and percutaneous implantable devices. 

In the rabbit brain safety study using P(CPP-SA) 50 50 copolymer, even less of an inflammatory reaction was observed, and the polymer was essentially equivalent to Gelfoam [94]. In a similar brain biocompatibility study conducted in monkeys, no abnormalities were noted in the computer tomography scans and magnetic resonance images, nor in the blood chemistry or hematology evaluations [95]. No systemic effects of the implants were observed on histological examinations of any of the tissues tested [96]. No unexpected or untoward reactions to the treatments were observed. 

Amis AA, Kempson AS, Campbell JR and Millee JH (1988) Anterior cruciate ligament replacement Biocompatibility and biomechanics of polyester and carbon fiber in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br 70 628. 

The biocompatibility of EVAc matrices has been studied quite extensively. When implanted in the cornea of rabbits—which is sensitive to edema, white-cell infiltration, and neovascularization associated with inflammation— purified EVAc caused no inflammation, while unpurified EVAc caused mild inflammation [33]. After seven months of subcutaneous implantion, only a thin capsule of connective tissue surrounded EVAc implants no inflammation was present and the adjacent loose connective tissue was normal [34]. When implanted in the brains of rats, EVAc matrices produced only mild gliosis... 

Biocompatibility for comeal tissues on these complexes was measured by cultivating rabbit comeal cells... 

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