Formulation, drug

Besides the inhalative use, the development of a drug formulation for A9-THC has to address other bioavailabihty questions. A major problem is the hpophiUcity and poor solubiUty in water, hmiting oral uptake when given orally. Because of this, other parenteral routes of apphcation are imder investigation like puhnonal uptake by vaporization, subUngual or intranasal administration, and apphcation by injection of A9-THC incorporated in hpo-somes. 

Stimulus Properties of Hallucinogenic Phenalkylamines and Related Designer Drugs Formulation of Structure-Activity Relationships... 

Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory properties and are used in active IBD to rapidly suppress inflammation. Corticosteroids have favorable effects in modulating several cell types involved in the inflammatory process.20,21 They may be administered systemically or delivered locally to the site of action by altering the drug formulation (Table 16-2). Because these drugs usually improve symptoms and disease severity rapidly, they should be restricted to short-term management of active disease. Long-term use of systemic corticosteroids is... 

Construct a drug treatment plan based on the disease severity and location. Identify potential contraindications or financial barriers to drug therapy. Inquire if the patient has an aversion to or inability to properly use certain drug formulations that you may wish to recommend, such as topical (rectal) products. 

Fig. 6 Solubility effects on drug stability curve A, drug formulated as lOmg/mL solution (q/2 = 1 year) curve B, drug formulated as a suspension with a saturated solubility of 1 mg/mL (ti/2 = 7.3 years). 

Some of the most commonly used added substances are listed in Table 2. Pharmacists involved in IV admixture programs must be aware of the types of additives that may be present in the products being combined, since the source of incompatibility between different drugs mixed in solution may be the excipients present. For example, drug formulations containing... 

It is quite rare that the composition or the packaging of an ophthalmic pharmaceutical will lend itself to terminal sterilization, the simplest form of manufacture of sterile products. Only a few ophthalmic drugs formulated in simple aqueous vehicles are stable to normal autoclaving temperatures and times (121°C for 20-30 min). Such heat-resistant drugs may be packaged in glass or other heat-de-formation-resistant packaging and thus can be sterilized in this manner. The convenience of plastic... 

Effective and safe drug therapy for newborns, infants, and children depends on knowledge of pediatric pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and knowledge of the drug formulation and delivery issues specific to this population. 

The critical void in pediatric drug therapy now lies in effective drug-delivery systems. Some inroads have been made in the manufacturing of pediatric dosing systems, particularly OTC preparations. There needs to be a redirection of the focus in nonparenteral drug formulations towards pediatric dosage forms with proven stability and bioavailability that can be easily and accurately administered to infants and children. 

A. D. Waston, Bioavailability and bioinequivalence of drug formulations in small animals, J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther, 15, 151 (1992). 

R Fluttenrauch. Molecular pharmaceutics as a basis for modern drug formulation. Acta Pharm Technol 24(6) 55-127, 1978. 

Kaplan, S. A., Biopharmaceutical considerations in drug formulation and design and evaluation, Drug Metab. Rev. 1972, 1, 15-34. 

All products include omeprazole as active ingredient. Losec and Prilosec are original medicinal products in Europe and USA respectively. MUPS (Multi Unit Pellet System) is also an original trade name and drug formulation... 

Fig. 10.24. 13C CPMAS SSNMR spectrum of drug formulation (bottom) together with the spectrum of the solvated form A of the API (second from the bottom), formulation excipients (second from the top) and the solvated form B of API (top).

Fig. 10.25. 13C CPMAS and 19F MAS SSNMR spectra of the drug formulation (top) and the physical mixture of API with excipients (bottom). Shown above each peak are the relaxation times calculated from the 13C detected...

Theeuwes, F. and Yum, S.I. (1976). Principles of the design and operation of generic osmotic pumps for the delivery of semisolid or liquid drug formulations. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 4 343-353. 

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