Testing polymers

ZST tests were run according to the procedure described in ASTM D-1430-82. The results are reported as time to break (in minutes) at 250°C. 

Melt viscosities were measured using an Instron capillary melt rheometer (Model 3210) using a 0.050-in. diameter capillary (L D = 40 1). Corrected viscosities were calculated in the conventional manner. In all cases, samples were preheated for 7 min prior to data acquisition. 

Thermal stabilities were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Samples were held at constant temperature (290°C) for 1 h in air in a Perkin-Elmer TGA. Much of the weight loss, particularly for Kel-F 6060, is suspected to be emulsifier used during polymerization. 

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Table 11.10 Typical properties of commercial methylpentene polymer (tested according to ASTM procedures).

When testing for a tannin reserve or tannin index, the presence of natural color aids detection. Testing for tannin is simple and relatively accurate using either a permanganate reduction test (development of permanent purple color) or lignin/tannic acid polymer test (tungstate blue color). 

FIGURE 9.13 Schematic diagram of a force-distance experiment, illustrating the principle components and their movement. (From Huson, M.G. and Maxwell, J.M., Polym. Test., 25, 2, 2006.)... 

FIGURE 9.14 Typical approach force curve (solid line) for a sample which is penetrated by the scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. Also shown is the force curve (dashed line) when the tip encounters a hard surface (glass) and schematic drawings of the relative positions of the SPM tip and the sample surface as related to the force curves. (From Huson, M.G. and Maxwell, J.M., Polym. Test., 25, 2, 2006.)... 

FIGURE 12.20 Tire cord adhesion test specimens and scan area of fracture surfaces. (From Chandra, A.K., Mukhopadhyay, R., and Bhowmick, A.K., Polym. Test., 15, 13, 1996. With permission.)... 

Campion, R.P., Proc. Conf. Polymer Testing, Shawbury, UK, Rapra, Shawbury, United Kingdom, 1996, paper 14. 

S. Dasgupta, S. Agrawal, S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Chakraborty, R. Mukhopadhyay, R.K. Malkani, and S.C. Ameta, Characterization of eco-friendly processing aids for mbber compound. Polymer Testing, 26(4), 489, 2007. 

FIGURE 38.4 Tensile strength of polypropylene-maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MA-g-PP)-ruhher powder composite as a function of ruhher powder content. (Reprinted from Shanmugharaj, A.M., Kim, J.K., and Ryu, S.H., Polymer Test., 24, 739, 2005. With permission.)... 

Ismail, H. and Suryadiansyah, S., Thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene/natural rubber and polypropylene/recycle rubber blends. Polymer Test., 21, 389, 2002. 

Only three of the polymers tested were resistant to both polyamines and polyolalcohols for at least one hour. 

The low thermal stability of many poly(iminocarbonates) limits the use of melt fabrication techniques such as injection molding or extrusion. For example, among all six polymers tested, only poly-(Dat-Tyr-Hex) and poly(CTTH) had low enough softening points to be compression moldable without a significant degree of thermal decomposition. ... 

J. Sidwell, Polymer Testing 96 (Rapra Technology Ltd., ed.), Shawbury (1996), Paper 6. 

To assess suitability of plastic storage containers for distribution of silver nitrate, behaviour under fire exposure conditions of various polymers in contact with the salt was examined. All polymers tested burned vigorously. 

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