Injection repeatability

Race the side of his or her thumb at the old site and measure across its width—about 1 inch Select a site on the other side of the thumb for the next injection Repeat the procedure for each subsequent injection... 

Data on the biocompatibility of gelatin microspheres is extremely limited. Drug-free microspheres elicited no untoward effects when injected intravenously into mice over a 12-week period (159). When albumin microspheres were injected repeatedly into the knee joints of rabbits, pronounced rapid joint swelling occurred after the second and subsequent injections. By comparison, no swelling occurred when gelatin microspheres were administered (160). 

For this purpose, standard 5-mm NMR tubes were charged with 100 pL ethynylbenzene, 6 mg of the catalyst Pdx[N(octyl)4Cl]y, and 0.7 mL acetone-dg and placed into a 200-MHz spectrometer. Charges of 51%-enriched p-H2 were prepared as previously outlined via catalytic equilibration over charcoal at 77 K and injected repeatedly in synchronization with the pulsed NMR-experiment via an electromechanically lowered glass capillary mechanism. 

For early phase methods, the precision tests only include injection repeatability (also referred to as system repeatability) and method repeatability (also referred to as analysis repeatability). The former is demonstrated by repeating injections of a standard solution and the latter by preparing multiple samples over multiple concentration levels (usually at 80%, 100%, and 120% of the nominal concentration) from the same lot of a composite sample of the dosage form. 

Repeatability can be divided into two areas injection repeatability and analysis repeatability. Injection repeatability is measured by analyzing multiple injections of the same solution preparation. It is an indicator of the performance of the HPLC system under the specified conditions and at the time of the analyses. This information is included as part of the validation package and is also used during routine analysis in the form of a system suitability. During the validation the specification for % RSD will be set, which will determine the variation limit for the analysis. If the value is low... 

Inject an initial dose of 10 to 20 mg (2 to 4 ml) deeply into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock. Many patients respond shortly after the first injection. Repeat the initial dose every 2 to 4 hours (or, in resistant cases, every hour) to gain control of the patient, if necessary. More than 3 or 4 doses are seldom necessary. After control is achieved, switch patient to an oral form of the drug at the same dosage levels or higher. If, in rare cases, parenteral therapy is needed for a prolonged period, give 10 to 20 mg (2 to 4 ml) every 4 to 6 hours. 

LED, lowest effective dose HID, highest ineffective dose in-vitro tests, ig/mL in-vivo tests, mg/kg bw/day Drosophila tests, ppm in feed inj, injection Repeat test negative at 729 ppm... 

Johnson DAW, Wright NF. Drug prescribing for schizophrenic outpatients on depot injections repeat surveys over 18 years. Br J Psychiatry 1990 156 827-834. 

Hypertrophy of subcutaneous fatty tissue remains a problem if injected repeatedly at the same site. However, this may be corrected by avoiding the specific injection site or by liposuction. 

Injection of older insulin preparations sometimes led to atrophy of subcutaneous fatty tissue at the site of injection. This type of immune complication is almost never seen since the development of human insulin preparations of neutral pH. Injection of these newer preparations directly into the atrophic area often results in restoration of normal contours. Hypertrophy of subcutaneous fatty tissue remains a problem, even with the purified insulins, if injected repeatedly at the same site. However, this may be corrected by avoidance of that specific injection site or with liposuction. 

At 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 min after glucose injection, repeat the blood collection procedure. 

Corticosteroids usually take 3 to 7 days to start to relieve pain, and they are usually injected repeatedly to speed up the process. Prolonged used of corticosteroids to relieve pain can interfere with normal healing processes, weaken tendons, cause bone density problems, and can even damage joint... 

Between injections, wash the column with 10 ml of water at 5-10 ml/min. Should colored material build up on the column after several injections, repeat the pretreatment procedure to clean the cartridge. 

Abdominal distension prophylaxis - Postoperative complication initial, 5 units i.m. (0.25 mL) postoperatively increase to 10 units (0.5 mL) at subsequent injections repeated at 3- or 4-h. intervals if necessary... 

Dose. The equivalent of 50 mg of benzquinamide by intramuscular injection, repeated as necessary. 

Dose. 6 mg daily by mouth. For acute symptoms, 250 pg by subcutaneous injection, repeated if necessary. 

Repeatability represents the simplest situation and involves analysis of replicates by the same analyst, generally one injection after the other. Repeat-abihty tests are mandatory for all tests dehvering numerical data. Repeatability is divided into two parts injection repeatability and analysis repeatability (multiple preparations) [24]. 

In addition to the ICH levels repeatability and intermediate precision, the system precision, i.e., repeated injections/determinations of a single sample solution (also referred to as injection repeatability or injection precision), provides valuable information. Evaluation of these data will help us to show that the chosen equipment is suitable for its intended use. Injection precision will also become part of the system suitability requirements of the method and an acceptance... 

The toxicity of cord factor is of a delayed type five to ten micrograms kill adult mice within 5 to 8 days after injection. Repeated small doses are more toxic than a single large one. The cause of death is unknown extensive pulmonary hemorrhages are the most conspicuous symptom. ... 

Five to seven days after the first injection, repeat the same injection again. 

Experimental. The differential refractive indexes of polymer solutions were measured at 25°C with a Waters Scientific R-403 differential refractometer connected on-line with a size exclusion chromatograph. The refractometer was calibrated to refractive index units (Riu) with benzene/carbon tetrachloride solutions. The rationale behind using the refractometer on-line with the chromatograph is the elimination of impurities in the sample (water, residual monomer etc.) which affect the refractive index measurements particularly at low polymer concentrations and to calibrate the detectors at the flow conditions at which they were normally operated. Polymer solutions of several concentrations (0.015-0.0025 wt %) were injected repeatedly to verify the reproducibility of the measurements, which was typically An 0.5 x 10-6 for replicates on the same solutions. 

In addition to validation of the automation, full validation of the chromatographic procedure, as described in Chapter 12, should be conducted for late-phase methods. This should include specification of system suitability parameters to ensure that the performance obtained during method development and validation is maintained during routine use. The system suitability parameters may include specification of acceptable injection repeatability, criteria for resolution between critical pairs, maximum allowable tailing factors, and a means of verifying that the requisite sensitivity is obtained. As recommended by Vander Heyden et al., system suitability limits are best set following robustness tests. 

Injection Repeatability. Precision is measured by multiple injections n = 10)22 of the reference standard at the 100% level and indicates the performance of the HPLC instrument using the chromatographic conditions on one particular day and in one lab. The relative standard deviation, RSD(%), as specified here, will determine the lowest variation limit of the analytical results. Injection repeatability indicates the performance of the HPLC instrument using the chromatographic conditions on one particular day and in one lab. 

The first stage in a high-vacuum cycle is to evacuate the loaded chamber. Some cycles may require a single evacuation, others may require a pulsing cycle of evacuation followed by steam injection repeated several times. The nature of the load dictates the cycle. Evacuation may be controlled through a pressure switch or transducer or simply by a timer governing pump running time. It is usual to find a condenser positioned between the chamber and the pump for purposes of pump protection. 

R2, R3, of different concentrations, may be injected in preprogrammed sequences. Similarly, interferring or regenerative species, may be injected repeatedly or singly. 

The delayed split method uses the same configuration as the dynamic split except for the addition of an on/off valve in the vent line [171-173]. With the split vent valve in the off position, the sample is injected in the normal way at a selected pressure. After a prescribed delay time the injection valve is returned to the load position and the vent valve opened, which aifects an immediate purge of the injection area. The amount of sample transferred into the column depends on the valve actuation time and the delay time. The delayed split injection techniques can be modified for solvent backflushing [171]. Immediately after the vent valve is opened a rapid negative pressure ramp is initiated. This causes a reversal of flow in the first part of the column and precipitation of the sample on the column wall. The solvent, and probably some of the sample, is backflushed out of the column and through the open vent line. The injection repeatability is similar to timed split injection. 

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