Labeled radio

An interesting set of central nervous system properties has also been discovered and studied (Table VI-10). The work devoted to piscaine must be emphasized besides finding hypnotic properties of 2-amino-4-phenyl-thiazole on fish, the authors studied the structure of the metabolite, as well as the localization of the (radio labeled) metabolic product in various organs. Recently, thiazol-4-yl methoxyamine was shown to inhibit the development of morphine tolerance (1607). 5-Aminothiazole derivatives such as 419a were proposed as cardiovascular agents (1608, 1610). Substitution of the 5-aminothiazole radical on the cephalophosphorin structure gives a series of antibacterial products (1609). 

As an example consider the exchange reaction between benzyl iodide and free iodide ions, Eq. (3-43).6 Mixing ethanolic solutions of benzyl iodide and radio-labeled potassium iodide started the isotopic exchange. At different times, samples were withdrawn and added to a benzene-water mixture, causing separation into two layers. The aqueous layer contained the iodide ions, and the organic layer contained the benzyl iodide. The activity of 1311 was determined in each layer. 

In a number of experimental studies of polymer diffusion, molar mass exponents close to 2 have been found, though always with some deviations. For example, using radio-labelled molecules, the diffusion coefficient of polystyrene in dibutyl phthalate was found to follow the relationship... 

Blanck H, Admrraal W, eleven REMJ, Guasch H, van den Hoop MAGT, Ivorra N, Nystrom B, Paulsson M, Petterson RP, Sabater S, Tubbing GMJ (2003) Variability in zinc tolerance, measured as incorporation of radio-labeled carbon dioxide and thymidine, in periphyton communities sampled from 15 European river stretches. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 44 17... 

Radioimmunoassay is a competitive protein binding assay which utilizes an antibody as the binding protein. This assay also employs a highly purified antigen which has been radio-labeled (tagged). 

L-type Ca channels are the only Ca channels that have been extensively characterized at the biochemical level. The success in characterizing L-type channels was largely due to their rich pharmacology, and in particular to the availability of radio-labelled DHPs. However, a second major contributor to this successful characterization came from the seminal findings of Glossmann and colleagues [45] and Fosset, Lazdunski and colleagues [43] who identified skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes as a relatively rich source of this rare membrane protein. 

Although the above profusion of in vivo studies evidence their health potentialities, the problem of the bioavailabihty of proanthocyanidins supplied by dietary supplementation has still not been completely resolved since unequivocal evidence for absorption is missing so far [11]. However, studies carried out using radio-labelled procyanidins revealed that dimers and trimers may be absorbed by intestinal cells, whereas a recent study demonstrated that procyanidin oligomers are readily adsorbed in rats [55], while it has been shown that colon microflora may be able to degrade proanthocyanidins to low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds [56]. 

T. Bjomstad, O. B. Haugen, and I. A. Hundere. Dynamic behavior of radio-labelled water tracer candidates for chalk reservoirs. J Petrol Sci Eng, 10(3) 223-238, February 1994. 

On the other hand, single-residue methods developed by the applicants give basic information about appropriate cleanup steps and specific determination procedures. In addition, not many laboratories other than those from the applicants are able to test the real solvent extraction efficiency. The reason is that extraction studies need radio-labeled incurred residues instead of fortified samples. Hence enforcement methods provided by the manufacturers accelerate the development of methods which meet the needs of (official) food control laboratories. 

Incubate >1 /ig of RNA with a 3- to 10-fold molar excess of radio-labeled probe (about 150 to 600 pg per 10 /ig total RNA) in hybridization buffer. 

The following three sections describe the preparation and properties of fluorescent, radio-labeled, and biotinylated antibodies. 

Regnell, O. 1990. Conversion and partitioning of radio-labelled mercury chloride in aquatic model systems. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47 548.553. 

PAL has been known for 30 years, but a new era of applications has appeared recently through the evolution of more efficient photophores and activation, as well as new high-resolution separation and detection techniques. The photo-covalent modification of the binding site, which has an irreversible effect on activity and places a (radio)label, enables a multilevel analysis and identification on the biological target. 

The result of a standard photoaffinity experiment can provide an output in three levels [8] as shown in Scheme 2. The photolytically induced targeted introduction of a (radio )label onto the target biopolymer helps to identify any specific binding proteins (first level of identification) responsible for a particular action in the signaling cascade or to identify the binding domain within the target protein (second level of identification) or allows one to identify the amino acid sequence of the binding protein (third level of identification). 

Lee CC, Sui GD, Elizarov A, Shu CYJ, Shin YS, Dooley AN, Huang J, Dari-don A, Wyatt P, Stout D, Kolb HC, Witte ON, Satyamurthy N, Heath JR, Phelps ME, Quake SR, Tseng HR (2005) Multistep Synthesis of a Radio-labeled Imaging Probe Using Integrated Microfluidics. Science 310 1793— 1796... 

The tracer should be stable and conserved, so that it can be accounted for by a material balance relating the response to the input if the tracer decays (e.g., a radio-labeled tracer), its half-life should be such that tm (tracer) > 251 (fluid). 

The distribution of the insecticide Dursban in a simple aquatic environment consisting of water, fish, soil and plants is simulated, as shown in Fig. 1. The kinetic constants were obtained from radio label experiments in a test aquari-... 

Hydroxylated metabolites are conjugated as glucuronides and sulfates. The balance of products in this last step and their distribution between urine and feces distinguishes the metabolism between humans, rats, and rabbits (Baldwin and Hutson 1980 Bedford et al. 1975b Hutson 1981 Hutson et al. 1975), as discussed in Section 2.3.4. Similarly, studies in lactating cows ingesting radio-labeled endrin in the diet for 21 days suggest metabolic pathways similar to those in rats and rabbits with apparent differences between the 3 species attributed more to differences in biliary versus renal excretion (Baldwin et al. 1976). 

In rabbits administered radio-labeled endrin, 50% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine over a 50-day period (Bedford et al. 1975b). Excretion of the label was 87% complete within 13 days. The major compounds detected in urine were anti-12-hydroxyendrin sulfate and 3-hydroxyendrin sulfate (14%). 

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