Tissue Reactions

Diethylcarbama2iae has limited antimicrofilarial activity against Onchocerca volvulus. Adults of W. bancrofti the filarial worm causiag elephantiasis, coil in the lymph system. Here females can attain a length of 10 cm. Over the years, tissue reactions result in obstmction to lymph return. Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and the spleen become enlarged. The condition of elephantiasis is a late and unusual complication of filariasis, where the lower extremities of the body become edematous, enlarge, and over a period of time harden with a rough nodular skin. 

The rate of in vivo biodegradation of subcutaneous implanted films was very high for chitin compared with that for deacetylated chitin. No tissue reaction was foimd with highly deacetylated chitosans, although they contained abundant primary amino groups [240]. 

A method of assessing the toxicity of implants has been proposed based on the effects on cell ultrastructure in organ cultures, on cell surface characteristics, and cell population doubling times. The effects have been correlated with hemorrhage, fibrosis, and necrosis, respectively (103). Poly-e-caprolactone was stated to give minimal tissue reaction and could not be scored in these tests. 

Smith, D. C. (1982b). Tissue reactions to cements. In Smith, D. C. Williams, D. F. (eds.) Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Volume II. Biocompatibility of Preventive Dental Materials and Bonding Agents, Chapter 10. Boca Raton CRC Press Inc. 

Roydhouse, R. H. Weiss, M. E. (1964). Tissue reactions in restorative materials. Journal of Dental Research, 43, 807. 

Tissue Response to Monoolein Phases. During the short term experiments (six hours) with the LC phases reported above, no tissue reactions were found. In order to investigate the effect of prolonged exposition of the tissue to LC phases, rabbits were injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly with either lamellar or cubic phases. After five days the animals were killed, and the injection sites were carefully examined. 

Another major challenge for implantable pH sensors is the biological response of living systems toward sensors when making contact with blood or tissue [134], The experiments often showed a progressive loss of function and lack of reliability of the implanted sensors. This lack of reliability and progressive loss of function, common to all implantable sensors, is believed to be caused by tissue or blood reactions such as inflammatory response, fibrosis, and loss of vasculature and thrombus formation [135, 136], The delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the sensor site can minimize tissue reactions and extend the lifetime of the device [50, 137],... 

Adverse tissue reactions, to sutures, 24 218 Advertising, technical service personnel and, 24 343 Advicor, 5 146... 

Tissue paper products, 13 129-130 Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) bioseparation from mammalian cell culture, 3 821-826 peptide map, 3 841, 842 selling price, 3 817t Tissue reactions, to sutures, 24 218 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and hemostatic system, 4 89 human, use as thrombolytic agent,... 

TISSUE TOLERANCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT TABLE 11.1. Evaluation of Local Tissue Reactions in Tissue Irritation Studies... 

The artificial hip has been used to replace the human hip because the hip is easily worn out over a lifetime of mechanical stress resulting from normal activity. The first artificial hip implant was made by Thermistokles Gluck in 1891 in Berlin. This implant made use of a femoral head of ivory fixed with plaster of paris and glue (Gluck, 1890, 1891). The results were not good due to severe infection problems and adverse foreign body tissue reactions. To develop better hip replacement prosthesis, many materials and procedures were examined between 1925 and 1953. 

Surgical implantation of tantalum metal products such as plates and screws has not shown any adverse tissue reaction, thus demonstrating its physiological inertness. ... 

Filariasis. The presence of parasites filariae in the blood and tissues of the body. May be asymptomatic, and living worms cause minimal tissue reaction. Death of the adult worms causes marked inflammation and lymphatic obstruction. 

Long-term tissue retention of the excipient or a metabolite of the excipient, resulting in local tissue reaction or other pathophysiological responses that are suggestive... 

Recent Australian and Canadian studies (7-10) on residues at injection sites indicate that injection site residues of certain drugs are at levels high enough to cause public health and trade concerns. Major concerns raised by these studies are that in a significant number of cattle severe tissue reactions occur at the injection site, which adversely affect the quality of the carcass and also create an animal welfare issue. These tissue reactions lead to residues at the injection sites that persist beyond the withdrawal period whereas, in some cases, they can cause such an extremely variable residues depletion so that withdrawal periods cannot be readily established. Lesions at the injection sites are not always obvious on visual inspection and cannot be identified and discarded during trimming and processing of the carcass. Moreover, the presence or absence of violative residues in samples of kidney, liver, and muscle cannot be used as a reliable indicator of the fate of residues at an injection site. 

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