Cytotoxicity, evaluating

Yoshii, E., Homma, T., Hirota, K. Tomioka, K. (1987). Cytotoxic evaluation of the improved glass-ionomer cement. Journal of Dental Research, 66,... 

Pyrazoles were synthesized in the authors laboratory by Le Blanc et al. from the epoxy-ketone as already stated in Sect. 3.1.1a, Scheme 35 [80]. The synthetic strategy employed by Le Blanc et al. [80] was based upon that the strategy published by Bhat et al. [81] who also described the synthesis of pyrazoles but did not report cytotoxic evaluation on the synthesized compounds. Scheme 48 shows the synthesis of the most active compound (178). Dissolution of the epoxide (179) with a xylenes followed by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid and hydrazine hydrate produced the pure nitro-pyrazole 180 in good yield (60%). Catalytic hydrogenation with palladium on activated carbon allowed the amino-pyrazole (178) to be obtained in a pure form. This synthesis allowed relatively large numbers of compounds to be produced as the crude product was sufficiently pure. Yield, reaction time, and purification compared to reported approaches were improved [50, 61, and 81]. Cytotoxicity of these pyrazole analogs was disappointing. The planarity of these compounds may account for this, as CA-4, 7 is a twisted molecule. 

Cytotoxicity Evaluated for confounding interpretation of in vitro efficacy assays, for predicting potential for human toxicity especially in liver but also if warranted by other safety assessments in bone marrow, kidney, neurons, immu-nocytes and so on. Also used for developing understanding of biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. HCA has been repeatedly demonstrated to be an effective tool in predictive toxicology. May also be used for certain translational safety biomarkers of toxicity [37]... 

TGFa-PE4o (TP40) Tissue growth factor-alpha (TGF-a) Binds to TGF receptors overexpressed on solid tumors PE40 is a binding-deficient variant of PE Cytotoxicity Evaluated in phase I testing for bladder cancer [106]... 

Shah, R.B., A. Palamakula, and M.A. Khan. 2004. Cytotoxicity evaluation of enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers in Caco-2 cells for oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. J Pharm Sci 93 1070. 

Chibale, K. Haupt, H. Kendrick, H. Yardley, V. Saravanamuthu, A. Fairlamb, A. H. Croft, S. L. Antiprotozoal and cytotoxicity evaluation of sulfonamide and urea analogues of quina-crine. Bioorg. Med. Chcm. Lett. 2001, 11, 2655-2657. 

The MRC-5 cell line, derived in 1966 from normal human lung tissue (Jacobs et al., 1970), is adherent and shows a fibroblast morphology. These cells are well known owing to their susceptibility to several virus types, being employed in assays related to viral transfection, in cytotoxicity evaluation, and in vaccine production. 

Yamamoto A, Honma R, Sumita M. 1998. Cytotoxicity evaluation of 43 metal salts using murine fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res 39 331-340. 

Memisoglu-Bilensoy, E., Dogan, A. L., and Hincal, A. A. (2006), Cytotoxic evaluation of injectable amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles on fibroblasts and polymorphonuclear cells Surfactant effect,/. Pharm. Pharmacol, 58(5), 585-589. 

EAURis c, DANGLOT c, and viLAGiNES (1985) Rapidity of RNA synthesis in human cells. Ahighly sensitive parameter for water cytotoxicity evaluation. Water Res. 19, 677-684. 

Cao P, Ding H, Ge HM et al. (2007) Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of substituted urea derivatives as inhibitors of human-leukemia K562 cells. Chem Biodivers 4 881-186... 

Gellis A, Kovacic H, Boufatah N et al (2008) Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of some benzimidazole-4, 7-diones as bioreductive anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 43 1858-1864... 

Babich H, Stern A Borenfreund E (1993) Eugenol cytotoxicity evaluated with continuous cell lines. Toxicology In Vitro 7 105-109. 

Cytotoxic compounds Induction effects can be masked by the decrease of cell viability, as most induction assays quantify substrate metabolism in situ (in the same cell culture plate that the cells are cultured) and assume that there is no change in cell number. Cytotoxicity evaluation therefore should always be performed concurrently with induction studies. In the presence of cytotoxicity, activity should be corrected by the viability for comparison with negative control activity to assess induction potential. 

Mozafari MR, Reed CJ, Rostron C (2007) Cytotoxicity evaluation of anionic nanoliposomes and nanolipoplexes prepared by the heating method without employing volatile solvents and detergents. Pharmazie 62 205-209... 

Mozafari MR, Reed CJ, Rostron C (2003) 5-fluorouracil encapsulation in colloidal lipid particles entrapment, release and cytotoxicity evaluation in an airway cell line. Drug Delivery to the Lungs XTV, London, England, pp.180-183... 

Mori, M. and M. Wakabayashi. Cytotoxicity evaluation of chemicals using cultured fish cells. Water Sci. Technol. 42 277-282, 2000. 

A series of bis[(phenazine-l-carboxamide)propyl]methylamines (XVIII) was synthesized by Spicer et al. [43] and their cytotoxicities evaluated against a panel of tumor cell lines. From the cytotoxic data of these compounds against P388, LLc, and JLc cancer cells, QSAR Eqs. 18, 19, and 20 were developed, respectively [44]. 

Senamaud N, Bemache-Assolant D, Champion E, Heughebaert M, Rey C (1997) Calcination and sintering of hydroxyfluorapatite powders. Solid State Ionics 101-103 1357-1362 Sepulveda P, Binner JGP, Rogero SO, Higa OZ, Bressiani JC (2000) Prodnction of porons hydroxylapatite by the gel-casting of foams and cytotoxic evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res 50 27-34 Shareef MY, Messer PF, van Noort R (1993) Fabrication, characterisation and fractnre stndy of machinable hydroxylapatite ceramic. Biomaterials 14 69-75... 

O Damour, SZ Hua, F Lasne, M VUlain, P Rouselle, C Collombel. Cytotoxicity evaluation of antiseptics and antibiotics of cultured human fibroblasts and keratino-cytes. Burns 18 479-485, 1992. 

PHB, PHBV Nonwoven scaffold TE In vitro Schwann cell culture, cytotoxic evaluation, 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) (Mi l ) assay (Suwantong et al. 2007)... 

Swaffar DS, Holley CJ, Fitch RW, EUdn KR, Zhang C, Sturgill JP, et al. Phytochem-iocal investigation and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of alkaloids from Abuta rufes-cens. Planta Med 2012 78(3) 230-2. 

Cramer B, Harrer H, Nakamura K, Uemura D, Humpf H-U (2010) Total Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of All Ochratoxin A Stereoisomers. Bioorg Med Chem 18 343... 

Lazarenkow, A., Nawrot-Modranka, J., Brzezinska, E., Krajewska, U. and Rozalski, M. 2012. Synthesis, preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation of new 3-formylchromone hydrazones and phosphorohydrazone derivatives of coumarin and chromone. Med. Chem. Res. 21(8) 1861-1868. 

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