Evaluation process

In order to be able to compare the CPB concept with other technologies, a basic design is made for a capture plant treating flue gases typically generated by a 600-MW coal-fired power plant, which is often used as a base case in literature sUidies. The bed dimensions and required process conditions are obtained by carrying out simulations by using the detailed model, which is described in the previous sections. The capital and operation costs are then estimated and the costs per ton of CO2 avoided are calculated. This section ends with a parameter study, in which the influence of several key parameters on the capture costs is evaluated. 

To simplify the comparison, only CO2 capture is taken into account without impurities and HjO removal. The assumed flue gas conditions and composition are shown in Table 2.9. The bed dimensions and properties of the base case are detailed in Table 2.10. 

The initial bed temperature was set at -150 °C, which resulted in more than 99.9% CO2 recovery. A breakthrough time (duration of each step) of 600 seconds was chosen. 

The required flow rates, pressures and inlet temperatures are listed in Table 2.11. The resulting pressure drops over the beds (also shown in Table 2.11) are rather small due to the nature of the selected packing a structured monolith. 

In order to calculate the CO2 avoidance costs, the capital investment costs are first calculated using a conceptual cost estimation method with an accuracy of 40%. In this method, the main equipment costs are estimated. The costs for blowers, the heat exchanger and the columns have been calculated using correlations reported by Seider et al. [24] and Loh and Lyons [25] and are updated to costs in 2010 using the Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index (CEPCI). 

One of the most important activities within a company is project screening. One losing venture can negate the gain of several winners. Therefore, the project evaluators must be careful to obtain the best and most complete information possible so that the economics will accurately model the iiiture real world situation. Possible 

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Definitive SO Control Process Evaluation Eimestone Double Alkali and Citrate EGD Process, EPA Pub. EPA-600/7-79-177, Aug. 1979. 

MIBK Direct Conversion ofMcetone over Heterogeneous Catalyst-Sumitomo, Process Evaluation Research Planning (PERP), Topical Reports, Vol. Ill, Chem Systems Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 1988. 

Process Evaluation Kesearch Planning Petiochemical Reports, Chem. Systems, Inc., Taii57town, N. Y., 1991. 

Accounting is also the language of business, and the different departments of management use it to communicate within a broad context of financial and cost terms. Engineers involved in feasibihty studies and detailed process evaluations are dependent for financi information on the company accountants, especially for information on the way in which the company intends to allocate its overhead costs. It is vital that engineers correctlv interpret such information and that they can, if necessaiy, make tlie accountants understand the effect of the chosen method of allocation. 

Estimation of column costs for preliminaiy process evaluations requires consideration not only of the basic type of internals but also... 

Relatively uncomphcated transparent tank studies with tracer fluids or particles can give a similar feel for the overall flow pattern. It is important that a careful balance be made between the time and expense of calculating these flow patterns with computational flirid dynamics compared to their apphcabihty to an actual industrial process. The future of computational fluid dynamics appears very encouraging and a reasonable amount of time and effort put forth in this regard can yield immediate results as well as potential (or future process evaluation. 

As discussed in Chapter 2, The Toller Selection Process, evaluating the site s safe work practice procedures should have been a part of the review during the toller selection process. Still, new materials may indicate a need to revise or develop special procedures to address unique chemical and physical hazards. New hazards such as vacuum, ciyogenics, ultra-high pressure, or new rotating equipment could be introduced. Medical monitoring requirements or special handling and spill response procedures for the toll s raw materials and products may indicate a need to write or revise safe work practices. 

To nuike a proper process evaluation or decision, it is important to have a detailed iinalysis of all anticipated process streams. Reliable data are available on recommended materials of construction for standard strengdi solutions of the more common liquid chemicals. Frequently, however, it is a component present... 

The flowsheet also describes the process to management as well as those concerned tvith preparing economic studies for process evaluation. 

FCC feed characterization is one of the most important activities in monitoring cat cracking operation. Understanding feed properties and knowing their impact on unit performance are essential. Troubleshooting, catalyst selection, unit optimization, and subsequent process evaluation all depend on the feedstock. 

Monitoring and measurement - Establish customer complaints/feedback and internal audits processes, evaluate effectiveness of processes, verify product meets acceptance criteria... 

Process evaluation is composed in a study report (feasibility study). It usually includes the... 

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