Evaluation process microscopic examination

In contrast, laser irradiation has been shown to provide a potential solution to this problem. Laser-induced removal of the contaminants can be effected either via direct absorption of the laser light by the particles and/or the substrate ( dry laser cleaning ) or via the prior application of a liquid film ( steam laser cleaning ) [3]. The particle removal process can be evaluated either directly, by post-treatment optical or scanning electron microscopic examination of the sample, or indirectly via the scattering by the par-... 

Apoptosis is a dynamic physiological process in the normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The ability to monitor cell death events over time provides a unique tool for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of experimental therapeutic agents and for studies on the role of apoptosis in various disease processes. Conventionally, apoptosis in a population is determined at a specific time by microscopic examination or flow cytometry. However, apo-ptotic cells exist in vitro for a hmited time and occur only in a relatively narrow temporal window, after which they promptly disintegrate. Thus, an accurate determination of apoptosis in a population of cells requires either frequent determinations or continuous monitoring (Fig. 4). 

Here u is the size of the average grains of sought-for component in the lump and ux is the size of the largest lump particle in the material. When 1=1, no liberation process should be considered. Parameters for evaluation of the factor / may be estimated by microscopic examination and sieve tests. 

Finally, the book deals with the dispersion of colloidal suspensions and considers their microscopic stability (Chap. 5). Apart from a brief review on dispersion mechanisms and dispersion techniques, the chapter examines empirical scaling laws for the dispersion of p3Togenic powders and discusses aspects of monitoring dispersion processes. The dispersion of colloidal suspensions is usually accompanied by measures to stabilise the colloidal particles. The suspension stabUily depends on the interaction forces between the particles and can even be predicted under certain conditions. Nonetheless, the suspension stabUily has to be evaluated on a basis of measurements. Aspects of the comparability and extrapolation of such measurements... 

The evaluation is made based on the tissue response to the implanted sample such as infection and also the healing progress of the animal in a certain period after the implantation. This testing method can determine sub-chronic effect or chronic effect based on the period that can be minimum 12 weeks or more. Fragments are removed weekly from each animal and regular examination of the wound is carried out during this period. After that, the removed sample is checked under refinery device such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM). From observation, evaluation can be made for the biocompatibility level. Fig. 1 shows the process of bio-implantation. 

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