Hazard analysis evaluation process

Assess Chemical Reactivity Risks Process Risk Management Process Hazard Analysis Evaluation of Major Hazards... 

Process Hazard Analysis. A process hazard analysis (PHA), sometimes called a process hazard evaluation, is one of the most important elements of the process... 

Process Hazards Analysis. Analysis of processes for unrecogni2ed or inadequately controUed ha2ards (see Hazard analysis and risk assessment) is required by OSHA (36). The principal methods of analysis, in an approximate ascending order of intensity, are what-if checklist failure modes and effects ha2ard and operabiHty (HAZOP) and fault-tree analysis. Other complementary methods include human error prediction and cost/benefit analysis. The HAZOP method is the most popular as of 1995 because it can be used to identify ha2ards, pinpoint their causes and consequences, and disclose the need for protective systems. Fault-tree analysis is the method to be used if a quantitative evaluation of operational safety is needed to justify the implementation of process improvements. 

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) A structured procedure whereby hazards associated with a process are identified and evaluated. 

For every new tolling situation a process hazard analysis should be conducted using one of several acceptable methodologies in common use. The goal is to select a methodology appropriate to evaluate the hazards of the toll process in question. 

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) An organized effort to identify and evaluate hazards associated with chemical processes and operations to enable their control. This review normally involves the use of qualitative techniques to identify and assess the significance of hazards. Conclusions and appropriate rec-... 

Deciding among a number of process options having inherent safety advantages and disadvantages with respect to different hazards can be quite difficult. The first step is to understand thoroughly all hazards associated with the process options. Process hazard analysis and evaluation techniques are appropriate tools (CCPS, 1992). These include ... 

An initial process hazard analysis (PrHA) is performed on the processes, appropriate to the complexity to identify, evaluate and control the hazards, Employers determine the pr conducting process hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such consider extent of the ss hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the pro ... 

Process Hazards Analysis (PrHA) - The application of analytical methods to identify and evaluate process hazards to determine the adequacy or control. 

The essence of the ASTM E 2012 approach is to determine incompatibility scenarios that could foreseeably occur by examining all possible binary combinations. It may be necessary to review a process by using a systematic method such as a process hazard analysis (PHA) to identify all incompatibility scenarios that have a significant likelihood of occurrence and severity of consequences. The same review can then be used to evaluate whether adequate safeguards exist or whether further risk reduction is warranted. 

Evaluate the risks associated with the process and its safety systems taken as a whole, including consideration of people, property, business, and the environment, that could be affected by loss events and determine whether the risks have been adequately reduced (Hazard Analysis, Risk Analysis, Source Models, Atmospheric Dispersion, Estimation of Damage Effects). 

The facility is subjected to a process hazard analysis commensurate to the level of hazard the facility represents (i.e., Checklist, PHA, HAZOP, What-If review, Event Tree, FMEA, etc.). The results of these analyses are fully understood and acknowledged by facility management. Where high risk events are identified, quantifiable risk estimation and effects of mitigation measures should be evaluated and applied if productive. 

Many different loss event scenarios are possible with intentional chemistry. All of them relate to losing containment or control of the intended reaction, starting another reaction, side reaction or series of reactions that are not intended or expected. A process hazard analysis, using a hazard and operability (HAZOP) study or other appropriate method, should be used to systematically identify and evaluate a full set of loss event scenarios. General causes of uncontrolled reactions include, but are not confined to, the following list ... 

Unique aspects of reactive hazards that should be examined during process hazard analysis (PHA), such as the need for reactive chemical test data, and methods to identify and evaluate worst case scenarios involving uncontrolled reactivity. 

Given that reactive incidents are often caused by inadequate recognition and evaluation of reactive hazards, improving reactive hazard management involves defining and requiring relevant factors (e g., rate and quantity of heat and gas generated) to be examined within a process hazard analysis. 

Augment the process hazard analysis (PHA) element to explicitly require an evaluation of reactive hazards. In revising this element, evaluate the need to consider relevant factors, such as ... 

RMP requires covered processes to have a hazard assessment, a prevention program, and an emergency response program. The hazard assessment must evaluate the accidental release of regulated substances, including the worst case scenario. RMP contains requirements for prevention of accidental releases, which include the same basic elements as the OSHA PSM Standard. Therefore, the limitations described in Section 5.1.2.2 with respect to process safety information and process hazard analysis also apply to RMP. 

Several qualitative approaches can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios, including process hazard analysis, checklists, chemical interaction matrices, and an experience-based review. CCPS (1995a p. 176) describes nine hazard evaluation procedures that can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios-checklists, Dow fire and explosion indices, preliminary hazard analysis, what-if analysis, failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), HAZOP study, fault tree analysis, human error analysis, and quantitative risk analysis. 

This practice supports the CSB observation that effective process hazard analysis for a reactive system is essentially more data driven than conventional process hazard analysis given the technical complexity of the reactive hazard. Three of the five visited companies use reactivity test data when conducting process hazard analysis two use qualitative hazard evaluation methods only. 

Qualitative hazard evaluation is commonly referred to as process hazards analysis, or PHA, which is used in OSHAPSM. 

The process hazard analysis required by OSHA PSM is an example of a performance-based approach it allows for a variety of hazard analysis methodologies. A performance-based system requires experts to identify and evaluate all relevant reactive hazards of a process and to determine the complexity of the hazards analysis. If the hazard evaluation demonstrates the possibility of a catastrophic consequence, the process has regulatory coverage. This approach to hazard evaluation allows for both a comprehensive analysis and flexibility in implementation however, if applied to reactive hazards, it requires expertise for implementation and regulatory evaluation. 

Once a new process is identified as feasible, it goes through a process hazard analysis (usually HAZOP) to evaluate issues such as reactive chemistry. 

The program includes a preliminary screening test, team-based screening, reactive evaluation, and process hazard analysis. 

Understanding fire hazards is essential to risk reduction and fire protection decision-making. A fire hazard analysis (FHA) is a tool used to understand fire hazards. The process of quantifying the fire hazard is typically motivated by the need to determine the overall hazard of a process or facility or to have a decision-making tool for fire protection systems (Chapter 6). An FHA is an important element of a risk assessment and can also be used as a stand-alone hazard evaluation tool. 

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