Ethylene-polystyrene Copolymer

The case is the largest portion of the container. The case is divided into compartments which hold the cell elements. The cores normally have a mud-rest area used to collect shed soHds from the battery plates and supply support to the element. Typical materials of constmction for the battery container are polypropylene, polycarbonate, SAN, ABS, and to a much lesser extent, hard mbber. The material used in fabrication depends on the battery s appHcation. Typical material selections include a polypropylene—ethylene copolymer for SLI batteries polystyrene for stationary batteries polycarbonate for large, single ceU standby power batteries and ABS for certain sealed lead—acid batteries. 

Since the last edition several new materials have been aimounced. Many of these are based on metallocene catalyst technology. Besides the more obvious materials such as metallocene-catalysed polyethylene and polypropylene these also include syndiotactic polystyrenes, ethylene-styrene copolymers and cycloolefin polymers. Developments also continue with condensation polymers with several new polyester-type materials of interest for bottle-blowing and/or degradable plastics. New phenolic-type resins have also been announced. As with previous editions I have tried to explain the properties of these new materials in terms of their structure and morphology involving the principles laid down in the earlier chapters. 

Hong, B. K. and Jo, W. H. (2000) Effects of molecular weight of SEBS triblock copolymer on the morphology, impact strength, and rheological property of syndiotactic polystyrene/ ethylene-propylene rubber blends. Polymer, 41, 2069-2079. 

A polystyrene-poly(ethylene,l-butene)-polystyrene triblock copolymer is produced by the selective hydrogenation of the corresponding triblock copolymer in which the center block consists of random placements of 1,2-poly(1,3-butadiene) and 1,4-poly (1,3-butadiene) units. 

Nakayama Y., Miyamura M., Hirano Y., Goto K., Matsuda T., Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene block copolymers using photochemistry of dithiocarbamate as a reduced cell-adhesive coating material, Biomaterials 1999 20 963-970. 

The possibility of a controlled degradation of polystyrene in copolymer [ethylene styrene] has been examined by selective hydrogenolysis of appended groups, minimizing the cleavage of the main chain [62]. 

Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhang AQ et al. (1999) Phase structures and morphologies determined by competitions among self-organization, crystallization, and vitrification in a disordered poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene diblock copolymer. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 60 10022-10031... 

Polycarbonate is blended with a number of polymers including PET, PBT, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) rubber, and styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer. The blends have lower costs compared to polycarbonate and, in addition, show some property improvement. PET and PBT impart better chemical resistance and processability, ABS imparts improved processability, and SMA imparts better retention of properties on aging at high temperature. Poly(phenylene oxide) blended with high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) (polybutadiene-gra/f-polystyrene) has improved toughness and processability. The impact strength of polyamides is improved by blending with an ethylene copolymer or ABS rubber. 

Systems that employed HREELS for interfacial-composition determinations included poly(ethylene oxide)-polystyrene diblock copolymer on Si wafers formaldehyde poly(oxymethylene) films on Cu(lOO) and Lang-muir-Blodgett films of 4,4 -oxydianiline-pyromellitic dianhydride polyimide on Au and on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. ... 

Styrene is produced by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene followed by catalytic dehydrogenation. It is used in the manufacture of general-purpose and high-impact polystyrene plastics ( 50%), expanded polystyrene ( 7%), copolymer resins with acrylonitrile and butadiene ( 7%) or acrylonitrile only ( 1%), styrene-butadiene latex ( 6%) and synthetic rubber ( 5%), unsaturated polyester resins ( 6%), and as a chemical intermediate. 

Bakelite [Bakelite AG], TM for polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy, phenolic, polystyrene, phenoxy, perylene, polysulfone, ethylene copolymers, ABS, acrylics, and vinyl resins and compounds. 

PS blends with EPDM were compatibilized by addition of either SB (polystyrene/polybutadiene di-block copolymer) or SEP (polystyrene/ethylene propylene di-block copolymer) and were blended in a corotating twin-screw extruder T = 200°C (Table 11.9). The strands were quenched and pelletized. Some of the pellets were injection-molded (200°C) into 4 mm-thick specimens and irradiated to 50 kGy (3-MeV electron accelerator). Another part of the pellets was similarly irradiated and then injection-molded. The samples for notched Izod impact testing (ASTM D256) were annealed for 24 h at 80°C, or were left at RT for 3 weeks, before testing [van Gisbergen et al., 1990,1991b]. 

In this section, the future developments will be discussed that might be expected in commercial polymer blends comprising at least one of the constituents from the class of commodity polymers. Generally, the commodity polymers considered include polyethylene (and variants LDPE, HOPE, LLDPE, VLDPE and ethylene copolymers), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR and EPDM), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), ABS, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Elastomeric polymers commonly used in tire and associated applications are important in polymer blends as many tire component constructions employ polymer blends to maximize performance. However, these will not be considered here. Thermosetting polymers which could be classified as commodity polymers (urethane, phenolics, epoxies) will also not be covered, but will be mentioned in a later section discussing new polymer blends designed for specific applications (e.g., water based coatings). 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which belongs to the family of vinyl polymers, and its copolymers vjith vinylidene chloride (PVDC), polystyrene (PS) and its copolymers, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), ethylene copolymers with vinyl alcohol (CEVA) are also employed in anticorrosion films [3,18,20,22-24]. 

High density polyethylene (HOPE) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) tram-1,4-Polyisoprene Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) Cyclooleflns Ethylene-propylene copolymers Styrene-ethylene copolymers cw -1,4-polybutadiene rrarw -1,4-Poly isoprene Random ethylene-a-olefin copolymers Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM)... 

QU2 Quintana, J.R., Salazar, R.A, and Katime, I., Micelle formation and polyisobutylene solubilization by polystyrene-Z>/oc -poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-Z>/ocA -polystyrene block copolymers, Macrowo/. Chem. Phys., 196, 1625, 1995. 

Useful film-forming resin adhesives include polyvinyl esters and ethers and their copolymers and interpolymers with ethylene and vinyl monomers, acrylic resins and their copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, water dispersion of polyolefin resins, polystyrene copolymers such as polystyrene butadiene, polyamide resins, natural rubber dispersions, and natural and modified carbohydrates (starch or carboxycellulose). Particularly preferred for use are aqueous dispersions of polyvinyl acetate and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers. 

PEP = poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene graft copolymer... 

Flectol H. See 2,2,4-Trimethyl-l, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer Flectol ODP. See p,p -Dioctyldiphenylamine Flectol TMQ. See 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer Fleetquest 8800. See Anthraquinone Fleshing grease, sulfated sodium salt. See Sodium tallow sulfate Flexalloy. See Polyvinyl chloride Flexan 130. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Flexathene TP 1300-HC, Flexathene TP 4300-HR, Flexathene TP 4390-HU. See Propylene/ethylene copolymer Flexbond 20, Flexbond 25, Flexbond 28, Flexbond 28S. See Acrylic resin Flexbond 149, Flexbond 150, Flexbond 153, Flexbond 165. See Polyvinyl acetate Flexbond 274, Flexbond 277, Flexbond 289. See Acrylic resin... 

Synonyms S-EB-S Polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene SEBS copolymer... 

While the range of the new metallocene-based polymers includes such specialty polymers as cyclo-olelin copolymers (COC), syndiotactic polystyrene, ethylene/ styrene copolymers, which are stiU in the developmental stage, commercially, the most prominent candidates are the elhylene/a-olefin copolymers such as ethylene/ butylene or hexene copolymers (Exxon s Exact ) or ethylene/l-octene copolymers (Dow s Engage and Affinity ). Depending on the comonomer content, these copolymers have been classified as plastomers or elastomers. At comonomer levels of >25 %, the copolymers exhibit the characteristics of thermoplastic elastomers such as high softness, toughness, flexibility, and resilience and hence been referred to as polyolefin elastomers (POE). CompositionaUy, these POEs usually contain 65 % ethylene and 35 % octene-1, hexene-1, or butene-1 as comonomers. 

Zhou Q, Brumer H, Teeri TT (2009) Self-organization of cellulose nanocrystals adsorbed with xyloglucan oligosaccharide-poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene triblock copolymer. Macromolecules 42 5430-5432... 

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