Developmental stage

FIGURE 10.1 Changes in the number of (a) stems, (b) leaves, (c) branches, (d) rhizomes, (e) tubers, and (f) flowers per plant (cv. Sunchoke ) during the growing season (30°57 N). (After McLaurin, W.J. et al., J. Plant Nutr., 22, 1303-1313, 1999.) 

Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. 

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Other furan compounds, best derived from furfural, are of interest although commercial volumes are considerably less than those of furfural, furfuryl alcohol, furan, or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. Some of these compounds are stiU in developmental stages. Apphcations include solvents, resin intermediates, synthetic mbber modifiers, therapeutic uses, as well as general chemical intermediates. 

The use of state-selective chemistry has been an experimental tool to elucidate the dynamics of chemical reactions, but its appHcation to practical chemical process control to enhance yields of specific products is ia the developmental stage. 

Since 1970 the subject of amoiphous semiconductors, in particular silicon, has progressed from obscurity to product commercialisation such as flat-panel hquid crystal displays, linear sensor arrays for facsimile machines, inexpensive solar panels, electrophotography, etc. Many other appHcations are at the developmental stage such as nuclear particle detectors, medical imaging, spatial light modulators for optical computing, and switches in neural networks (1,2). 

Temperatures much in excess of 288 C (550 F) requiring special refractory mineral or metalhc fabrics that are still in the developmental stage and can be very expensive... 

It has also been possible to determine the x-ray structures of classic zinc finger motifs from several proteins bound to specific DNA fragments. We will here describe one such structure containing three zinc fingers from a mouse protein, Zif 268, which is expressed at an early developmental stage of the mouse. Nikola Pavletich and Carl Pabo at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, determined the x-ray structure to 2.1 A resolution of a recombinant polypeptide derived from Zif 268 bound to a 10-base... 

In two other implementations of electron impact SNMS, a plasma is generated in the ionizer volume to provide an electron gas sufFiciendy dense and energetic for efficient postionization (Figure 2c). In one instrument, the electrons are a component of a low-pressure radiofrequency (RF) plasma in Ar, and in the second, the plasma is an electron beam excited plasma, also in Ar. The latter type of electron-gas SNMS is still in the developmental stages, while the former has been incorporated into commercial instmmentation. 

This book attempted to review processes for manufacturing drugs still in the developmental stage-those which had attained generic name status but not trade name status in most cases. Many of these have since fallen by the wayside. 

The total insolubility and intractability of the wholly aromatic LC homopolyesters and homopolyamides posed serious problems in their processability during the developmental stage. Introduction of disrupters (flexible species, rigid kinks, etc.) into the main chain or copolymerization with disrupter monomers reduces the perfectly arrayed chains structures and lowers their melting. Vectra and Xyder are two of the early LC commercial products [204-207]. 

Notch receptors are especially important during developmental stages by mediating lateral inhibition,... 

Partial agonists are in early developmental stages. Agonist replacement is an attractive strategy, because of the successs of methadone and buprenorphine in opioid dependence. 

Changes in the quantities of the various normal hemoglobin components during developmental stages can be explained in terms of ill-defined regulatory mechanisms which control the rate of synthesis of the polypeptide chains. Such mechanisms have to... 

Pterins make no contributions to the colors of plants and microorganisms. One important pterin is the folate produced by plants and microorganisms. Folate and its derivatives are present in plants in various concentrations in mitochondria, cytosols, vacuoles, and plastids. The total amount of fohc acid depends on the plant species, on the developmental stage, and on external factors. Good sources of folates are beans, lentils, spinach, and wheat germ. ... 

Wang, S.Y. and Lin, H.S., Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 140, 2000. 

B) at the indicated stages, and the PGl, PG2, and total PG activities were determined by differential heat inactivation. Each time point is the average of at least two separate extractions assayed in duplicate. The developmental stages are MG, mature green Br, breaker stage, (time of first external color development) and +2, +5, +7, and +10 are days after breaker. 

Enzymatically inactive cell walls were isolated from pericarp tissue at the indicated time points for both control 1 and TA8 and the level of EDTA-soluble polyuronides was determined. Bars indicate the standard deviation from the mean. Abbreviations for developmental stages are as given in Figure 5. 

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